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GEN. GRANT. 



Price 10 Cents, 



NEW YORK: 

NORMAN L. MUNRO, PUBLISHER, 

24 and 26 Vandewater St. 

COPYRIGHTED BY NORMAN L. MUNRO, 1885. 



LIFE AND MEMOIRS 



OF 



GEN. ULYSSES S. GRANT. 



BEING A FULL RECORD OF HIS EARLY DATS, HIS MILITARY ACHIEVEMENTS 
DURING THE WAR, HIS TWO ADMINISTRATIONS AS PRESIDENT OF 
THE UNITED STATES, HIS TOUR AROUND THE WORLD, HIS 
WELCOME HOME, HIS TRIPS THROUGH THE SOUTH- 
ERN STATES AND TO CUBA AND MEXICO, HIS 
CONNECTION WITH THE GRANT & 
WARD FAILURE, AND HIS BEING 
RETIRED WITH THE RANK 
AND PAY' OF 
GENERAL. 



THE MOST COMPLETE HISTORY EVER PUBLISHED. 



BY AN OLD ARMY/6FFICER. 

w 

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1885, by 
man L. Munro, in the office of the Librarian of 
Congress, at Washington, D. C. 



Nor 




MAR 30 im I 



NEW YORK: 

NORMAN L. MUNKO, PUS 

24 AND 20 VANDEWATER ST 




GENERAL ULYSSES 8. GRANT. 9 

Mexican frontier gave the young officer his eagerly desired op- 
portunity to see active service. He proceeded to Corpus Cbristi 
with the Fourth Infantry, and on September 30th, 1845, was 
commissioned full second lieutenant of infantry. He was as- 
signed to the Seventh. Regiment of regulars. This assignment, 
however, did not suit the men and officers of the Fourth, with 
whom he was a great favorite, and they petitioned the secre- 
tary of war to let Grant remain with them. The petition was 
granted, and in November he was commissioned full second lieu- 
tenant in his favorite regiment. With it he engaged in all the 
battles from that of Palo Alto, May 8th, 1846, to the taking of 
Monterey, September 23d, 1846, and distinguished himself by 
his bravery in the field as well as his quick and accurate judg- 
ment. 

When the campaign against the city of Mexico was trans- 
ferred from General Taylor to General Scott, the Fourth Regi- 
ment came under the letter's command. It took part in the 
siege of Vera Cruz. Grant, by his heroic conduct, having at- 
tracted the notice of his superior officers, was appointed quarter- 
master of the regiment. As such it was his duty to provide 
supplies for the regiment — a most arduous undertaking in an 
enemy's country. He fulfilled these difficult and oftentimes 
dangerous duties with great satisfaction until the entry into the 
city of Mexico, and though relieved of active duty on the field 
he could not keep back from participating in the engagements 
which took place. 

At the battle of Molino del Rey he so distinguished himself by 
his valor that Ge: >o ral Scott named him first lieutenant ou 
the field. Equally brave did he show himself at the storming of 
Chepultepec, receiving special commendation from General 
Worth. He also participated in the doggedly resisted entry into 
the capital of Mexico, For these services he received a brevet 
captaincy, to date from the day of the battle of Chepultepec, 
September 13th, 1847. and on September 16th, 1847, he was com- 
missioned first lieutenant of the Fourth United States Infantry, 
The capture of the city of Mexico ended the war. California 
and New Mexico were added to the United States, and the Rio 
Grande was fixed as the boundary line of the Texan frontier. 

The army was ordered home and Grant's regiment was dis- 
tributed to posts from Fort Niagara in New York to Michili- 
mackinac in Northern Michigan, 

W T hen, however, the discovery of gold in California set a heavy 
tide of emigration toward the Far West, the Fourth Infantry 
was dispatched to the Pacific coast to preserve order. A portion 
of the battalion was assigned under Giant's command to do duty 
in Oregon, with headquarters at Fort Dallas. There Grant did 
efficient work in keeping back the incursions of savage Indians 
on the one hand and lawless desperadoes on the other, and also 
made a series of systematic observations and explorations which 
was of great service to the cause of science and geography. 
While at this post his brevet captaincy was made a full position, 
his commission dating August, 1853, and he was soon after as- 
signed to duty in the Department of the West. But there being 



ID LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

practically no duty to perform, he resigned his commission July 
31st, 1854. 



CHAPTER II. 

Grant as a Farmer and Tanner-The Call to Anns-How He Mustered 
the Illinois Troops for Governor Yates— Made Colonel— Drilling 
the Raw Recruits— Grant Becomes Brigadier-General— How He 
Occupied- Paducah— The Attack on Fredericktown— Grant's First 
Great Victory at Belmont. 
General Grant's resignation from the army while he was 
simply first lieutenant marks the close of the first epoch in the 
career of this wonderful man. He was a hater of idleness, ana 
rather than spend his life in a pretense of service while actually 
doin°- nothing— like so manvof our parlor-soldiers— he preferred 
to retire into private life and become a plain business man. It 
is curious to reflect that had the great struggle between the Nortn 
and South not broken out, had the occasion not come, he who 
was of all men the man for the hour, would, in all probability, 
have passed his remaining days in the amply respectable but not 
very glorious pursuits of commerce and trade. 
* His first venture in commerce was in St. Louis, but this prov- 
ing not particularly successful, he turned his attention to farm- 
ing. Here his great bodily strength and sound constitution stood 
him in good stead, and it is related that he chopped his own 
cord-wood and hauled it to the nearest town for sale. There are 
many old people still alive who recall with glee that they pur- 
chased a cord 'of wood from the man who was afterward to be- 
come the general of the army and President of the United States. 
It is a magnificent tribute to the capabilities of our government 
to consider that the rail-splitter, Abraham Lincoln, was suc- 
ceeded in office by the wood-chopper Grant. 
^ He, however, remained only a year on his farm, and in 1859 
started in business as a tanner with his father, in Galena, Illi- 
nois, under the firm-name of Grant & Son. This was his occu- 
pation when the war broke out. 

The call to arms roused the hearts of all true citizens, but in 
no breasts did it find such an enthusiastic response as in those of 
the soldiers who had already exposed themselves to the bullets of 
the enemy. In Grant's ears it sounded like the trumpet in the 
ears of an old war-horse. What was business, what were wife 
and children, to him ? His country was in danger, it demanded 
his services, and his military training at West Point, and his ex- 
periences in Mexico and on the Western frontier, gave those serv- 
ices exceptional value. 

Tearing himself away from those who loved him best, he pre- 
sented himself to Governor Yates, the chief executive of the 
state in which he had made his home. The governor was dis- 
tracted by the rival claims for command on the part of men who 
had never smelt the smoke of battle, and yet wanted to be chiefs 
of thousands and tens of thousands. Everything was in chaos 
and confusion when the quiet man of thirty-nine, clad in simple 
citizen's dress and wearing a slouch hat, presented himself to 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. ll 

Governor Yates as tbe " Mr. Grant spoken of.". The governor 
eyed him for a moment, then hurriedly questioned him as to his 
West Point training and his services in Mexico, and on the spot 
appointed him mustering officer. 

Grant at once entered on his duties, and his decided views and 
inflexible ways soon brought order out of chaos. Under his 
directions the Illinois volunteers were rapidly sent to the field, 
both under the first call for 75,000 men for three months' serv- 
ice, made April loth, 1861, and under the second call (May 3d) 
for 42,034 men for three years' service. 

The governor was gratified that his choice had fallen on so 
good a man, but Grant was not satisfied with this stay-at-home 
service. His ardent nature longed for the scent of battle. 

He boldly asked for a command, and was made colonel of the 
Twentv-third Illinois three years' volunteers by commission 
dated June loth, 1861. 

The regiment was organized in Mattoon, and sent into North- 
ern Missouri, where active hostilities were soon to be begun. 
Grant put the regiment through a careful drill until he was 
relieved of the command in the latter part of August, 1861, when 
he was appointed brigadier-general by President Lincoln, his 
commission dating from May 17, 1861. He stood No. 17 on the 
list of thirty-four nominations then made by the president. 

General Grant was given the command of the district of 
Cairo. It was a very important post, as Kentucky, though re- 
maining in the Union, had many Southern sympathizers who 
were raising the cry of "neutrality." Tennessee had seceded, 
but pretended to respect the position of Kentucky. ^ Grant, 
however, soon saw through the pretense when he was informed 
that the rebel General Pillow early in September had occupied 
and was fortifying Hickman and Chalk Bluffs, together with 
other points on the lower Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, 
intending to make Paducah, at the mouth of the Tennessee 
River, a supplv station for food, shoes, clothing and ammunition 
for the Confederate army. He at once determined to occupy 
Paducah and put a stop to this illicit traffic. 

Prior to doing so, however, he, on September 5th, telegraphed 
to the Kentucky legislature the fact of the invasion of the State 
by the Confederates. The Legislature referred the matter to a 
special committee. This meant delay, and every moment's 
delay was dangerous. Grant determined not to waste a 
moment. On the evening of the same day on which he had 
sent off the telegram he caused to be embarked the Ninth and 
Twelfth Illinois regiments of infantry, and a section of the 
Chicago Artillery, at Cairo; and guarded by tbe gunboats Tyler 
and Conestoga the troops sailed up the Ohio to the mouth of 
the Tennessee River, reaching Paducah about eight o'clock the 
next morning. 

This bold, quick move startled the 10,000 inhabitants of 
Paducah, many of whom sympathized with the secessionists, 
and fearing that General Pillow would make an attack on the 
town and try to dislodge Grant, a regular stampede took place. 



12 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

General Grant himself arrived on the afternoon of the 6th and 
immediately issued a proclamation quieting the people. 

He had the town put in order for defense and permanent oc- 
cupation and made preparations for an advance up the Ten- 
nessee and Cumberland rivers. This step was necessary, the 
more so, as General Polk with 10,000 Confederates occupied and 
were fortifying Columbus. 

On September 11, Kentucky, by a test-vote in the lower house 
of the legislature of 68 to 26, decided to stand with the Union, 
and it became apparent that the state, like Missouri, would 
be the battlefield of the war if the Confederate army was not 
driven into Tennessee. 

On September 20, General Robert Anderson assumed command 
of the newly created Department of Kentucky, and he and Gen- 
eral Grant, whose command included all of Kentucky west of 
the Cumberland, heartily co-operated in driving the Confeder- 
ates out of the state. 

Being informed that the Confederate Brigadier General Thomp- 
son was at Fredericktown and threatening the Federal positions 
at Pilot Knob and Cape Girardeau, Grant, on October 16, ordered 
two columns under Colonel Plummer to attack the enemy. 
Thompson was forced to battle near Greenville and defeated. 
This effectually put an end to Thompson's plan and he retreated 
from that section of the country. 

General Grant now became apprehensive that Confederate 
General Polk, who commanded at Columbus, was pushing re-en- 
forcements forward from Belmont and New Madrid in order to 
overwhelm General Fremont, who. with only comparatively few 
numbers, was trying to keep the Confederate generals Price and 
McCullough in check. To check this movement Grant himself 
led an attack on Belmont. 

His force consisted, in all, of 2886 men. On the night of 
Wednesday, November 6, they embarked at Cairo, escorted by 
the gunboats Tyler and Lexington; all night they lay at a point 
about nine miles below Cairo, and the next morning proceeded 
to Lucas' Bend, four miles above Belmont, where they landed 
and marched on the enemy's camp at Belmont. The gunboats 
proceeded dosvn the river to engage the batteries above Colum- 
bus. 

In his report General Grant thus speaks of his disposition of 
forces: 

"Knowing that Columbus was strongly garrisoned, I asked 
General Smith, commanding at Paducah, Kentucky, to make 
demonstrations in the same directions. He did so, by ordering 
a small force to Mayfield, and another in the direction of Colum- 
bus, not to approach nearer, however, than twelve or fifteen 
miles. I also sent a small force on the Kentucky side, some 
twelve miles from Columbus. All this served to distract the 
enemy, and lead him to think he was to be attacked in his 
strongly fortified position." 

The enemy were drawn up in good positiou about two mile* 
Tibove their intrenched camp on the river just opposite, and 
ilefended by the Columbus batteries. 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 18 

The engagement which ensued is thus described by General 
Grant himself: 

"At daylight we proceeded down the river to a point just 
out of range of the rebel guns, and debarked on the Missouri 
shore. From here the troops were marched by a flank for about 
one mile toward Belmont, and then drawn up in line, one bat- 
talion having been left as a reserve near the transports. Two 
companies from each regiment, five skeletons in number, were 
thrown out as skirmishers to ascertain the position of the 
enemy, 

" It was but a few moments before they met him, and a gen- 
eral engagement ensued. The balance of my force, with the ex- 
ception of the reserve, was then thrown forward, all as skir- 
mishers, and the enemy driven, foot by foot, and from tree to 
tree, back to their encampment on the river's bank, a distance 
of over two miles. Here they had strengthened their position 
by felling the timber for several yards around their camp, and 
making a sort of abattis. 

"Our men charged through this, driving the enemy over the 
river banks and into their transports in quick time, leaving us 
in possession of everything not exceedingly portable." 

The contest was sharp and decisive, and the victory was not 
gained without the loss of many of our men, among the killed 
being the gallant Colonel Lanman. Grant's horse was shot 
under him. General McClernand, whose horse was also struck 
several times, thus speaks of the crisis of the battle: 

" We again opened a deadly fire from both infantry and 
artillery, and after a desperate resistance drove the enemy back 
the third time, forcing them to seek cover among thick woods 
and brush, protected by the heavy guns at Columbus. While 
this struggle was going on, a tremendous fire from the Twenty- 
seventh, which had approached the abattis on the right and rear 
of the tent, was heard. About the same time, the Seventh and 
Twenty-second, which had passed the rear of the Thirtieth and 
Thirty-first, hastened up, and, closing the space between them 
and the Twenty-seventh, poured a deadly fire upon the enemy. 
A combined movement was now made upon three sides of the 
enemy's works, and, driving him across the abattis, we followed 
close upon his heels into the clear space around his camp." 

Having thus driven the Confederates from their position, Grant 
now turned his attention to Western Kentucky to put a check to 
advances from that region which threatened Cairo and even 
St. Louis. His advance up the Cumberland, Kentucky, and 
Ohio rivers is usually denominated his first campaign, though, 
as we have seen, he did some pretty good fighting before that. 



14 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 



CHAPTER III. 

Capture of Fort Henry— Fall of Fort. Donelson— Grant Rewarded by 
being made Major-General — Grant Rids Kentucky of the Confed 
erates — The Tennessee Campaign — Waiting for General Bueli at 
Pittsburg Landing — General Johnston's Attack on Grant — The 
Battle of Pittsburg Lauding— Death of General Johnston— On to 
Corinth. 

Major-General Halleck had been appointed General-in- 
Chief of the Department of Missouri, which included the 
states of Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Ar- 
kansas, and all of Kentucky west of the Cumberland, and on De- 
cember 20th Halleck formally assigned Grant to the com- 
mand of the " district of Cairo," which embraced the southern 
part of Illinois, all of Kentucky west of the Cumberland, and 
the river counties of Missouri south of Cape Girardeau. 

Acting under General Halleck's orders, Grant, on February 
1st, gave the command for the troops to pass up the Ohio and 
Tennessee rivers. By the 4th, 10,000 men were encamped six- 
teen miles above Crown Point, while Footers ironclads were al- 
ready there to co-operate with them. 

Commodore Foote, impatient for the struggle to begin, 
opened fire on the 6th, on Fort Henry, on the west side of the 
Tennessee. The bombardment was terrific but of short duration, 
anot shortly after noon, the flag was lowered and the fort was 
won. General Tilghman, in command of the fort, gracefully 
surrendered, saying: "I am glad to hand my sword to so gallant 
an officer." Foote's reply has become historic: "You are per- 
fectly right, sir, in surrendering," he said, "but you should 
have blown my boats out of the water before I would have sur- 
rendered to .you!" 

The capture of Fort Henry alarmed the enemy, and Fort 
Donelson was hastily re-enforced, and Grant ordered Foote to 
at once attack the fort with his gunboats. The struggle was a 
heroic one, but the heavy guns of the fort did such damage 
to the boats that Foote was compelled to draw out for repairs. 

Grant resolved not to wait until the gunboats could be got 
ready again to assist iu the attack. He did not wish to give the 
enemy further time to strengthen their position. He therefore 
on the 15th opened the engagement. 

The capture of Fort Donelson is one of the brightest gems in 
the crown of military glory won by Grant during the whole 
war. The 6ght was a most furious one; space forbids us to de- 
scribe it in detail. Inch by inch the charge was made in the 
face of the murderous fire from the guns of the fort, inch by 
inch the ground was gained, until the next mGrning (Sunday) 
Grant found himself in a position to carry the enemy's main 
work by assault. 

But the work was not necessary; General Buckner with 15.000 
men unconditionally surrendered. Seventeen thousand stand of 
small-arms and an immense amount of provisions were capt 
ured. It was a great victory. The loss of the UDion side was 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 15 

estimated to be about 2000; while the enemy's losses were over 
15 000 men. ... .' 

Ihe news of the fall of Fort Donelson spread like wild-fire 
throughout the North, and amid the general rejoicings Grant 
was appointed major-general of volunteers as a reward for his 
brilliant achievement. ■■■•: • 

This was the last great stronghold of the Confederates in Ken- 
tucky, and Grant, having accomplished what he had set out to 
do in Ids first campaign, now determined to drive the enemy 
out of Western Tennessee and to free the Mississippi River irom 
the rebel rams. - 

The Confederates under Generals Sidney Johnston and beau- 
regard were massed at Corinth, Mississippi; and Grant s first 
move was to dismember the Memphis and Charleston Railway, 
by which the Confederates kept up their communication with 
the West. Grant was soon ready with his troops to attack 
Corinth, but he had to wait for Buell. who had been ordered to 
re- enforce him and who did not move out of Nashville until 
the latter end of March. The Confederate General Johnston 
conceived that it would be a good plan to attack Grant at 
Pittsburg Landing, on the Tennessee River, before Buell came 
up. He made the attack on Sunday morning, April 6th. The 
battle lasted without intermission during the entire day, and 
was renewed on Monday morning and continued undecided 
until four o'clock in the afternoon, when the enemy com- 
menced his retreat toward Corinth. The slaughter on both 
sides was fearful. Among the slain was General Johnston 
himself. Speaking of the gallantry of our officers during the 
engagement, a dispatch sent North at the time says: 
• ''There has never been a parallel to the gallantry and bearing 
of our officers, from the commanding general to the lowest 
officer. General Grant and staff were in the field, riding along 
the lines in the thickest of the enemy's fire during the entire 
two days of the. battle, and all slept on the ground Sunday 
night, during a heavv rain. On several occasions Genera 
Grant got within range of the enemy's guns, and was discovered 
and fired upon. Lieutenant-Colonel McPherson had his horse 
shot from under him when alongside of General Grant. General 
Sherman had two horses killed under him, and General Mc- 
Clernand shared like d , also General Hurburt, each of 

whom received bullet-holes through their clothes. General 
Buell remained with his troops during the entue second day, 
and with General Crittenden and General Nelson, rode con- 
tinually along the lines encouraging the men. W hile the bat- 
tle was at its height Buell's division fortunately came up and 
did good service in aiding to gain the victory. 

A newspaper correspondent writing of General Grant's es- 
capes, which were almost miraculous, as the general was con- 
stantly in the thick of the battle, says: 

"General Grant is an illustration of the fortune through 
which some men, in the thickest showers of bullets always 
escane He has participated in two skirmishes and fourteen 



16 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

pitched battles, and is universally pronounced, by those wfco 
have seen him on the field, daring even to rashness, but he 
has never received a scratch, At four o'clock on Sunday even- 
ing, he was sirting upon his horse, just in the rear of out line 
of batteries, when Captain Carson, the scout, who had reported 
to him a moment before, had fallen back, and was holding his 
horse by the bridle, about seven feet behind him — a six-pound 
shot, which flew very near General Grant, carried away ail 
Carson's head, except a portion of the chin, passed just behind 
Lieutenant Graves, volunteer aid to General Wilson, tearing 
away the cantle of his saddle, cutting his clothing, but not in- 
juring him. and then took off the legs of a soldier in one of 
General Nelson's regiments, which were just ascending the 
bluff/' 

The effect of the battle of Pittsburg Landing was to cause 
General Halleck to take the field in person and lead the com- 
bined armies of Grant, Buell and Pope on to jthe siege of Cor- 
inth, thus affirming the correctness of General Grant's military 
perspicacity, 



CHAPTER IV. 

Evacuation of Corinth— First Campaign Against Vicksburg— "Why it 
Failed— Canal Digging— Opening of the Second Campaign Against 
Vicksburg— Operations on Red River— Colonel Grierson's Gallant 
Exploit. 

General Beauregard held Corinth with the survivors of the 
bloody field of Pittsburg Landing; but the superior numbers 
obliged him to evacuate that post, and on May 30th the Union 
troops finally occupied the Southern stronghold. Memphis ca- 
pitulated June 6th, and Holly Springs was seized and held by 
Sherman on the 20th of the same month. These disasters drove 
the Confederates further east, and they made Atlanta their 
rallying-place until gallant General Sherman, after his famous 
" march to the sea," snatched it from them. 

Changes of command followed. General McClellan resigned 
his position as commander-in-chief of the army and military 
adviser to the President, and General Halleck succeeded him. 
Grant succeeded to Halleck's positiou, and was placed in com- 
mand of the Department of West Tennessee. The summer was 
spent in re-enforcing the army, sadly shattered by the fearful 
number of slain and wounded, and everything was gotten read} 7 
f ~- J, ie fall campaign, of which the taking of Vicksburg was to 
! main object. 

this purpose Grant's department was, on October 16th, so 
led as to embrace all Mississippi down to Vicksburg. He 
formally assumed his new command on the 25th of October, and 
on the 26th assigned the different districts to his division com- 
manders. 

On November 24th his headquarters were removed from Jack- 
son, Tennessee, to La Grange, Mississippi, and the vigorous work 
of the campaign was begun 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 17 

Vicksburg is situated twelve miles below the mouth of the 
Yazoo, which was completely blockaded by the rebel batteries. 
It was out of question to capture the town by the river front, 
and the rear had been made nearly as impregnable as the front. 

Already three ineffectual attempts had been made to capture 
Vicksburg by other Union officers. On June 1st, 1862, Commo- 
dore Farragut, after capturing New Orleans, had ascended the 
Mississippi and bombarded a battery at Grand Gulf, a short 
distance below Vicksburg, but had accomplished nothing. On 
the 8th of June, after the capture of Memphis, a second attack 
was made on the battery at Grand Gulf, and for a time it was 
sileuced. But the low condition of the water obliged the vessels 
to move down the river. General Williams, with a division of 
infantry, had attempted to cut a canal across the peninsula 
nearly opposite Vicksburg. Had this succeeded, the gunboats 
and transports would have been able to pass below the city; but 
unfortunately in the latter part of July the river became so low 
that the siege had to be raised, and the Confederates rilled up the 
canal. They also re- enforced the works at Vicksburg and forti- 
fied Port Hudson, on the Louisiana side, above Baton Rouge, 
in order to blockade the river against the Union fleet below. 

This was the state of things when Grant took hold of the 
work. He sent out a reconnoitering force of infantry and cav- 
alry under Generals Hovey and Washburne, which, on the 28th 
of November, captured a Confederate camp at the mouth of the 
Coldwater River and cut the railroad at Garner's Station. This 
movement, and other similar ones, were intended to create a 
panic among the enemy. Meanwhile, Grant with the main col- 
umn moved down from Grand Junction into Mississippi, until he 
pitched his headquarters at Oxford. 

It was understood that General Sherman at the same t time 
would move down from Memphis to co-operate with him, and 
there is every reason to believe that the movement would have 
been successful had not Holly Springs, the principal basis of sup- 
plies for the main army, been suddenly surrendered into the 
hands of the Confederates. Grant was very wroth at this mis- 
chance, and issued an order of censure and dismissal against 
Colonel R. C. Murphy, of the Eighth Wisconsin, who had charge 
of the post. He was obliged, however, to fall back for the pur- 
pose of establishing a new headquarters for his supplies. 

Meanwhile, unaware of this mischance, Sherman had moved 
down his forces from Memphis, but n failing to unite with Grant, 
was forced to retire after making a gallant two days' struggle 
to capture Vicksburg without re-enforcements. This closed the 
year 1862, with the gloom of disaster overshadowing our troops. 

In the first month of the new year Grant determined to make 
a second campaign against Vicksburg. He established his head- 
quarters at Memphis, and pushed his preparations forward so 
rapidly that by the end of the month he had landed his army 
at Young's Point and Milliken's Bend, above Vicksburg, and 
was able to advance his headquarters to Milliken's Bend. 

He renewed the work at Williams' Canal, across the peninsula, 



18 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

but the great rise of the river in March swept away the canal 
just when his work promised success. 

He next proposed to open a route through the bayous that run 
near Mil) i ken's Bend above Vicksburg, through the'Tensas River, 
to near New Carthage, below the city. The route progressed 
rapidly, but the falling of the river in the middle of April put 
an end to the work. 

The failure of these attempts left but one course to be pursued, 
and that was to flank the strongly fortified town by moving 
down on the Louisiana side, and General Grant threw himself 
into this plan with all of his accustomed energy. 

He knew that the Red River, with which the enemy had free 
and uninterrupted communication, was its great source of sup- 
ply, and that there. was no chance of capturing Vicksburg until 
this source was cut off. His first step, therefore, was to close 
this river. These operations he intrusted to Colonel Ellet, who 
commanded the ram Queen of the West. 

Early in February, Colonel Ellet ran his ram by the batteries 
up the river and succeeded in capturing three transports. On a 
second trip he destroyed a large army train. After capturing a 
transport with a large quantity of corn, the ram continued fur- 
ther up the river and engaged"a rebel battery. During.the fight, 
however, she was unfortunately run aground, and had to be 
abandoned. Colonel Ellet escaped in a captured steamer. On 
his way back he encountered the ironclad Indianola, which was 
coming up to his assistance. As the Queen of the West was 
already in the hands of the enemy, it was thought best to return. 
The Indianola remained at the" mouth of the river to block- 
ade it, but on the 24th of February was attacked by four Con- 
federate steamers, and after a contest lasting about one hour 
and a half, was forced to surrender. The Confederates after- 
ward blew her up. 

The Red River operations turning out rather disastrously for 
the Union side, General Grant tried another plan to cut off the 
enemy's communications in Mississippi. He detailed, for this 
purpose, a brigade of cavalry under Colonel B. H. Grierson, who 
accomplished one of the most brilliant and dashing cavalry ex- 
ploits of the war. 

The brigade left La Grange, Tennessee, on the 17th of April, 
1863, and marched over 800 miles through the heart of the en- 
emy's country, arriving safely and triumphantly at Baton Rou<.>,e, 
Louisiana, on May 1st. During the march the brigade skir 
mished most of the time and completely cut off the enemy's com- 
munications with Vicksburg and other places on the Missis- 
sippi. It destroyed over $4,000,000 worth of property and 
captured over 1000 prisoners and 1200 horses. 

Coming after so many set-backs and failures, the exploit of 
Colonel Grierson's brigade was well calculated to stir up the 
drooping courage of the soldiers and to make them once more 
eager to press forward to the main object of the campaign— the 
capture of Vicksburg. 

Grant had determined to wrest this stronghold from the en- 
emy's grasp, and no failure, no set-back could for one instant 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 19 

make him waver. The pertinacity which had distinguished him 
in his early schoolboy days, which had marked his military 
career in Mexico and had been his characteristic trait all through 
the battles for his country which he had already fought, would 
not desert him now. 

We who have lived through the ''War Times" know how 
this pertinacity, this clogged determination was rewarded. We 
remember the rapture which rilled our hearts when the news 
came flashing up to us from the South: " Vicksburg is fallen." 

How this mighty task was accomplished, the reader, to whom, 
we believe, we have given a fair insight of the almost insur- 
mountable difficulties surroundiug it, will learn in the next 
chapter. 



CHAPTER V. 

The Vicksbursr Campaign— Admiral Porter Running the Gantlet— Capt- 
ure of Grand Gulf— Grant's Proclamation to His Troops— Battle 
of Champion's Hill— First Assault on Vicksburg— The Repulse— 
Undermining the Rebel Stronghold— The Grand Attack— Fall of 
Vicksburg— Effect of the Victory on the North— President Lincoln's 
Letter to Grant. 
The decisive campaign against Vicksburg was begun on the 
29th of March, 1863. by an order to McClernand to take up his 
line of march with the 13th Army Corps ui/der his command, 
for New Carthage, the 11th and 17th JJorps to follow. The 
advance could onlv be made very slowly on account of the bad 
condition of the roads. When they arrived at New Carthage 
they found to their dismay the levee of Bayou Vidal destroyed 
in several places, so that "they were obliged to make a detour. 
and a further march of twelve miles around Vidal to Parkin?' 
plantation was made. Thus the distance to be traversed from 
Milliken's Bend to reach water communication below, was thirty- 
five miles. 

It was clear that it would be exceedingly hazardous to forward 
the supnlies for a big army by such a route. There remained 
then the dangerous undertaking of running transports past the 
Vicksburg batteries. 

The first attempt of the kind was made on the night of the 
16th of April. Admiral Porter's fleet and three transports ran 
the gantlet. The batteries from the foils set fire to one, which 
was consumed, but the other two succeeded in reaching their 
destination unharmed. 

Six more transports were loaded and sent down, five of which 
got through in a damaged condition. By order of Admiral Por- 
ter the transports were repaired, and very soon five of them 
were in running order, and the others were made serviceable as 
barges for the carrying of troops. 

General Grant, owing to the limited means at his disposal for 

transportation, was obliged to extend his line of land travel to 

Hard Times, La., which increased the distance from Milliken's 

Bend to seventy miles. 

The next move on the programme was the capture of Grand 



20 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

Gulf by a combined naval and land attack. The plan was for 
the gunboats to silence the river batteries, when the troops were 
to land and storm the works. The attack was begun by the 
navy in the morning, and a battle ensued which lasted five 
hours. The result proved that the enemy's fortifications were 
too strong to be taken from the water side, so it was deter- 
mined to effect a landing at Bruinsberg, which could only be 
done by running the batteries once more. 

When night fell the gunboats engaged the batteries, and. 
under cover of the cannonading, the transports reached Grand 
Gulf in safety. The next morning the work of ferrying the 
troops across to Bruinsberg was begun, and by noon the 13th 
Army Corps was over, the 17th following as rapidly as possible. 

After three days' rations had been distributed to the men, 
the, 13th Corps, under McClernand, and the 17th, under MePher- 
son, started for Port Gibson. 

At two o'clock in the afternoon of the 1st of May, 1863, Mc- 
Clernand met the enemy, under General Bowen, about eight 
miles from Bruinsberg, on the road to Port Gibson. The rebels 
were forced to fall back until dark. Early in the morning 
Grant went to the assistance of McClernand, and, after severe 
fighting, the rebels were defeated. This was called the battle 
of Port Gibson. The loss of the rebels was very heavy, and 
the Union loss was about 850, killed and wounded. 

On the followiug day McClernand's advance entered Port 
Gibson. 

The quickness and celerity of General Grant's movements in 
this campaign came upon the rebels like the lightning-like blows 
the first Napoleon showered upon the Austrians in the Italian 
war. 

General Grant, whose headquarters were at Grand Gulf, sent 
instructions to General Sherman, who was at Yazoo, to join 
him. Sherman dispatched orders for the divisions of Steele and 
Tuttle at once to march for Grand Gulf. On the morning of 
May 2d, the divisions of Steele and Tuttle were started for Hard 
Times, which they reached at noou on the 6th. On»the 7th they 
crossed the river, and on the 8th they marched eighteen miles to 
Hawkinson's Ferry, where Grant then was with his army. 

The junction of the two armies had been effected without the 
loss of a single life! 

Immediately upon the arrival of Sherman's corps. General 
Grant ordered an advance; but before doing so the following 
bulletin was read to the troops: 

" Headquarters, Army or the Tennessee, in the Field, 

" Hawkinson's Pebry, May 7. 
" Soldiers of the Army of the Tennessee: 

" Once more I thank you for adding another victory to the 
long list of those previously won by your valor and endurance. 
The triumph gained over the enemy, near Port Gibson, on the 
1st, was one of the most important of the war. The capture of 
five cannon and more than one thousand prisoners, the posses- 
sion of Grand Gulf, and a firm foothold on the highlands be- 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 21 

tween the Big Black and Bayou Pierre, from whence we threaten 
the whole liue of the enemy, are among the fruits of this brilliant 
achievement. 

(t The march from Milliken's Bend to the point opposite 
Grand Gulf was made in stormy weather, over the worst of 
roads. Bridges and ferries had to be constructed. Moving by 
night as well as by day, with labor incessant, and extraordi- 
nary privations endured by men and officers, such as have been 
rarely paralleled in any campaign, not a murmur of complaint 
has been uttered. A few days' continuance of the same zeal 
and constancy will secure to this army crowning victories over 
the rebellion. 

" More difficulties and privations are before us; let us endure 
them manfully. Other battles are to be fought; let us fight 
them bravely. A grateful country will rejoice atj our success, 
and history will record it with immortal honor. 

••U. S. Grant, 
" Major-General Commanding." 

This bulletin was worthy of the great man who wrote it, 
and of the heroic soldiers to whom it was addressed. It fired the 
hearts of the latter, and impelled them to new deeds of hero- 
ism and valor. But ten days before the proclamation had been 
issued the Governor of Mississippi had called them " invaders;" 
now they were in possession of the capital of the state. 

On the 12th of May a skirmish took place at Fourteen Mile 
Creek, and on the same day Logan's division encountered the 
enemy at Foudren's Creek near Raymond. The rebels were 
driven back with great loss. On the 11th. Grant, who was with 
Sherman's corps, telegraphed to General Halleck at Washington 
that he would not communicate with Grand Gulf any more, 
and that he might not be heard from again for several days. 

McPherson's corps moved on toward Jackson on the 13th 
along the railroad. Sherman marched in a parallel column 
along the turnpike. McClernand's corps was ordered to garrison 
Clinton, Mississippi Springs, and Raymond, and, together with 
Blair's division and a brigade of Mc Arthur's, was held as a re- 
serve. 

At noon of the 14th, Sherman and McPherson's forces met the 
enemy under General Joseph E. Johnston, three miles from 
Jackson. Eighteen guns were captured from the rebels, and two 
hundred and fifty prisoners made. The Union loss in killed and 
wounded was two hundred and eighty-six. The headquarters 
of the army was now Jackson. 

General Grant's dispatch announcing the fall of the city was 
dated May 15th, 1863. Having learned that Johnston had or- 
dered General Pemberton to march from Vicksburg and attack 
the Federal rear, Grant ordered McClernand's corps and Blair's 
division of Sherman's, to march toward Bolton, while McPher- 
son's corps was ordered back by the Clinton road. Sherman, 
with the rest of his army, was left to garrison Jackson. 

Grant learning that the enemy's force was estimated at 
twenty- five thousand men, with ten batteries of artillery, imme- 



22 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

diately sent a dispatch to Sherman to bring up his entire force 
to Bolton. 

The advance as arranged by Grant and McClernand was as 
follows:— Extreme left, Smith, supported by Blair; on the right 
of Smith, Osterhaus, supported by Carr; Hovey in the center, 
with JMcPherson's corps on the extreme right, and Crocker as 
reserve. The general superintendence of the advance was under 
the direction of Grant. 

At eleven o'clock in the morning the battle of Champion's 
Hill or Baker's Creek was begun, and was fought mainly by 
Hovey's division of McClernand's corps, and Logan's and Crock- 
er's divisions of McPherson's corps. Grant, discovering that the 
enemy was retreating, ordered the division of Carr and Osterhaus 
in pursuit. Large quantities of ordnance stores and other prop- 
erty were destroyed, and many prisoners made. The rebels were 
repulsed with great slaughter, and the Union loss was one thou- 
sand four hundred and fifty-seven men. This battle virtually 
decided the fate of Vicksburg. 

The pursuit, which had been discontinued at night, recom- 
menced at daylight the next morning. The enemy was found 
intrenched at Black River. "With reckless daring the troops 
waded the bayou under the murderous fire of the rebel guns and 
rushed upon them with fixed bayonets. The position was won. 

The victory was complete. Three thousand prisoners were 
made, and seventeen pieces of artillery, together with several 
thousand stand of arms and a large supply of corn and commis- 
sary stores, fell into the hands of the Union army. The loss to 
the Federals amounted to two hundred and seventy-five men. 

The news of the disaster sustained by their arms spread terror 
throughout the South, It was the first breaking up of the Con- 
federacy. The end was at hand. 

The road to Vicksburg was now clear, and the investment of 
the town began. 

It having heen General Grant's purpose throughout this whole 
campaign, to constantly harass the enemy by repeated attacks, 
without "giving him time to reform his shattered ranks, and 
knowing the demoralized condition Johnston's army was in, 
he ordered an assault at two P. M. on the 19th of May. In his 
official report he states his reasons at some length. 

" There were many reasons to determine me to adopt this 
course. I believed an assault from the position gained by this 
time could be made successfully. It was known that Johnston 
was at Canton, with the force taken by him from Jackson, re- 
enforced by other troops from the east, and that more were daily 
reaching him. With the force I had, a short time must have 
enabled him to attack me in the rear, and possibly succeed in 
raising the siege. Possession of Vicksburg at that time would 
have enabled me to turn upon Johnston, and drive him from the 
state, and possess myself of all the railroads and practical mil- 
itary highways, thus effectually securing to ourselves all terri- 
tory west of the Tombigbee, and this before the season was too 
far advanced for campaigning in this latitude. I would have 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 28 

saved government sending large re- enforcements, much needed 
elsewhere; and, finally, the troops themselves were impatient 
to possess Vicksburg, and would not have worked in the 
trenches with the same zeal (believing it unnecessary) that they 
did after their failure to carry the enemy's works." 

The artillery fire was terrific, and played havoc with the en- 
emy's works." The gallant soldiers moved up the hills with per- 
fect composure, and had approached to within forty yards of 
the works, when suddenly, from every parapet, a murderous 
fire was poured into them. Again and again efforts were made 
to scale the heights, but nothing mortal could withstand the 
leaden hail, and before night the troops were withdrawn. 

"The assault," says General Grant, " was gallant in the ex- 
treme on the part of all the troops, but the enemy's position was 
too strong, both naturally and artificially, to be taken in that 
way. At every point assaulted, and at all of them at the same 
time, the enemy was able to show all the force his works could 
cover. The assault failed, I regret to say, with much loss on 
our side in killed and wounded; but without weakening the con- 
fidence of the troops in their ability ultimately to succeed." 

Says Sherman: " These several assaults, made simultaneously, 
demonstrated the strength of the natural and artificial defenses 
of Vicksburg, that they are garrisoned by a strong force, and 
that we must resort to regular approaches/' 

The fleet under Admiral Porter lent invaluable aid in the as- 
sault. The hill batteries were silenced, and the Vicksburg bat- 
teries attacked. 

The assault having shown the strength of the works. General 
Grant determined upon a regular siege. The army was re-en- 
forced by Lanman's division and four regiments previously or- 
dered from Memphis, Smith's and Kimball's divisions of the 
16th Army Corps under command of Major-General C. C. Wash- 
burne, also, General Herron's division from the department of 
the Missouri, and two divisions of the 9th Army Corps, Major- 
General J. G. Parke commanding. Herron held the extreme left, 
with Ord, then in command of the 13th Corps, on his right; 
McPherson was in the center; Sherman's corps held the extreme 
right, and Blair's division held Haine's Bluff and the country 
between the Yazoo and Big Black rivers. 
Forts were erected and trenches dug. 

The sappers constructed corridors and passages amid a blazing 
fire of hostile musketry. Forty-six days the work continued. 
The fleet co-operated with the army in all the operations for the 
reduction of the place; to guard against an attack in the rear, 
Sherman was placed in command of all the troops designated 
to look after Johnston. It was foreseen that the latter would 
make an attack about the 25th of June, and Grant was ready to 
receive him. A note which Grant sent to General Parke about 
this time shows the reception the rebel chief would have met if 

he had made this attempt: nn ■ • 

" June 22, 1863. 

General Parke,— Sherman goes out from here with five 
brigades, and Osterbaus' division subject to his orders besides. 



24 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

Jn addition to this, another division, 5000 strong, is notified to 
be in readiness to move on notice. In addition to this, I can 
spare still another division, 6000 strong, if they should be re- 
quired. We want to whip Johnston at least fifteen miles off, 
if possible. U. S. Grant, Major-General." 

On the 25th of June the mine under what was supposed to be 
the principal fort of the enemy was exploded. The explosion 
was terrific; the fort and everything iu it were blown several 
hundred feet into the air. At the same time the gunboats and 
batteries along the line opened fire upon the enemy. As soon as 
the explosion had taken place, Leggett's brigade of McPherson's 
corps rushed into the wrecked fort, and after a severe contest 
the flag of the 45th Illinois Regiment waved from the summit 
of the w T ork. 

The following is one of the orders of General Grant that fol- 
lowed this success: 

"June 25, 1863. 

"General Ord, — McPherson occupies the crater made by the 
explosion. He will have guns in battery there by morning. He 
has been hard at work running rifle-pits right, and thinks he 
will hold all gained. Keep Smith's division sleeping under 
arms to-night, ready for an emergency. Their services may be 
required, particularly about daylight. There should be the 
greatest vigilance along the whole line. 

"U. S. Grant, Major-General." 

As the Union lines advanced, the rebels retired, constructing 
inner lines of defense as the outer ones were taken. The Union 
lines, on the 28th of June, were thirteen hundred yards nearer 
to the city than the original works. It had now become evident 
that the fall of the city was only a question of time. 

The enemy's ammunition had given out, and his commissary 
supplies also. The troops were reduced to eating mule meat. 

At eight o'clock on the moruing of the 3d of July, a flag of 
truce came out from the rebel lines, with a communication for 
General Grant, borne by General Bo wen and Colonel Mont- 
gomery. It proved to be a proposition for an armistice with a 
view to arranging terms of capitulation. General Grant's reply 
was that only an unconditional surrender of the city and garri- 
son would satisfy him. 

General Bowen requested General Grant to meet General 
Pemberton to consult concerning terms. General Grant readily 
agreed to do this, and three o'clock in the afternoon was fixed 
upon for the meeting. At the appointed hour the two generals 
met in front of General Burbridge's line and remained in close 
conversation for an hour and a half. The conference broke up 
without any definite decision. 

Later on in the evening, Geueral Grant sent in a proposal, to 
which Pemberton replied the following morning, requesting 
modifications of the terms offered. Thereupon General Grant 
sent his final note, agreeing to certain modifications, and Gen- 
eral Pemberton immediately forwarded his acceptance of the 
terms proposed, Thus, at ten o'clock on the morning of the 4th 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 25 

of July, 1863, Vicksburg surrendered; the Mississippi Valley was 
subdued. 

The people at the North celebrated the glorious Fourth with 
unusual enthusiasm that year, as well they might, for the victory 
at Vicksburg was the most signal one the Union army had 
gained up till then. 

The Confederate loss was thirty four thousand men, including 
one lieutenant-general and nineteen major and brigadier-gen- 
erals, two hundred and thirteen pieces of artillery, thirty-five 
thousand small-arms and an immense amount of ordnance and 
other matter. The President sent an autograph letter to General 
Grant thanking him in the name of the people of the North for 
" the almost inestimable service " he had rendered the country. 
From that moment on, General Grant's place as the first gen- 
eral of the Union was firmly established. 

His name became a household word, and his picture hung in 
every mansion, house and cottage throughout the land. His 
noble lieutenants, Sherman, Logan and McClernand were not 
forgotten, and their names too became enrolled among the na- 
tion's most worthy sons. 

The brillant success he had gained did not induce General 
Grant to rest upon his laurels, but only spurred him on to re- 
newed endeavors. His attention was now turned toward Jack- 
son. 

The rebels had re-entered this town as soon as the Union 
army had left it two months before, and since then they had 
worked unremittingly to fortify it. Upon Sherman's approach 
a few skirmishes took* place, and Johnston, fearing that his army 
would be surrounded and its retreat cut off, evacuated the 
town, after setting fire to the principal part of it. A large 
quantity of ammunition fell into the hands of the Union troops. 
While this was taking place, Graut, who was at Vicksburg, 
sent Herron to Yazoo City with a division. The result of this 
expedition was the capture of several hundred prisoners, one 
steamboat, five pieces of artillery, and all the public stores. 
This virtually ended the Mississippi campaign. 



CHAPTER VI. 

The Chattanooga Campaign— Grant's Fall from His Horse— The Ad- 
vance ou Lookout Mountain— The Attack— The Victory— Grant's 
Bulletin— Grant Made Lieutenant-General and Medals Struck in 
His Honor. 
The next objective point was Southeastern Tennessee, and as 
matters there were very unpromising, the government at Wash- 
ington proposed to combine the armies of the Ohio, the Cumber- 
land, and the Tennessee— those of Burnside, Rosecrans and Grant 
I —into one grand army under one commander. 

\ It was about this time that General Grant, while reviewing a 

regiment, fell off his horse and sustained such severe injuries 
that it was at one time feared he might not be able to take the 
field again, Fortunately his strong constitution enabled him to 



LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 



me his injuries, and he was soon on his way to Indian- 
apolis, uh.ro he was to meet the secretary of war. 

Upon his arrival in that city Mr. Stanton delivered to him an 
miii- the departments of the Ohio, of the Cumber- 
land, and of t!:. 3ee, into the " Military Division of Ihe 
ippi," placing General U. S. Grant in command. His new 
:!mI included the states of Keutucky. Mississippi, Northern 
Alabama, Illinois, Tennessee, Indiana, Northwestern Georgia, 
and Aficbi 
Th<- different corps and their commanders were as follows: 
12th Corps, General Slocum; 4th Corps, General Granger; 
9th Corps, General Porter; 15th Corps, General Logan; 17th 
<;. neral McPberson; 11th Corps, General Howard; 16th 
( orpe, General Hurlbut; 23d Corps, General Manson; 14th Corps, 
General Palmer. The army commanders were Generals Burn- 
Sherman and Hooker. 
a Indianapolis, General Grant proceeded to Nashville; 
and, notwithstanding his crippled condition, he at once set to 
work-. Alter issuing several orders, he went to Chattanooga, 
which place he reached on the 23d. 
The rebels encamped at Lookout Mountain and Missionary 
controlled the valley route between Bridgeport and C».at- 
i. Hence, the first thing to be done was to reopen this 
line, and General Hooker was selected by Grant fortius under- 
takii 

Fourteen hundred picked men from General Hazen's brigade, 
on the nighl of the 20th of October, floated down the river in 
fifty-six pontoon boats; passed the rebel batteries and sharp- 
is on Lookout Mountain without being observed, and land 
ed .it Brown's Ferry. Pushing up the ridge, which is three hun- 
dred feel high at this place, they drove off the Confederates, after 
a brisk fight, and established their position. 

On the morniflg of the same day, a column, under General 
Booker, inarched from Bridgeport, moved up Lookout Valley, * 

and, with considerable fighting, effected a junction with General 
Hazen's command, which was stationed at the foot of Lookout. 
Once more the valley was in possession of the Union troops, 
and the army was soon abundantly supplied. 

Grant, having formed his plan of battle, ordered the advance 
to com m< nee. and at noon of the 23d of November, 1863, the j 

v\ent forward. General Thomas, in the center, sent 
Wood's division on a reconnoissance toward Orchard Knob, to 
the west of Missionary Ridge. 

The troops intrenched themselves at the Knob, and Thomas 
sent word to Wood thai he would protect his flank. Howard 
nt to protect Wood's left; and Sheridan's division went 
into position on Wood'- right. 1 

The confederates opened lire upon Orchard Knob but their v 

shells did do appreciable damage. Things remained thus when \ 
nighl came. 

The following morning, Tuesday, November 24th, the sky was 
cloudy, threatening rain, and very little was done until quite 
late. i [oward's corps having opened communica- 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 27 

tions with Sherman, the latter gave orders to prepare for an at- 
tack. Rain now began to fall. The line advanced against the 
hill, General Morgan L. Smith being on the left, General John 
E. Smith in the center, and General Ewing on the right. 

The enemy was in strong force on Hooker's side, occupying the 
west side of Lookout Mountain, and also the front of the mount- 
ain. 

Hooker ordered an advance at two P. M., and for an hour and 
a half a very heavy sharp-shooters' fight was kept up. The rebels 
fell back abandoning everything, but still held the Summertown 
road. General Grant, notwithstanding his crippled condition, 
was within cannon-shot of the enemy and anxiously watched 
the course of the battle. 

At the close of the day's work he dispatched to Washington 
as follows: 

"General Sherman carried the end of Missionary Ridge, and 
his right is now at the Tunnel, and his left at Cbickamauga 
Creek. 

"The troops from Lookout Valley carried the point of the 
mountain, and now hold the eastern slope and point high up." 

During the night the Confederates retreated from Lookout 
Mountain. General Hooker pursued tbem but did not succeed in 
overtaking them. After doubling his forces, General Grant pro- 
ceeded to storm Missionary Ridge. 

The line advanced to within a dozen yards of the fort. During 
this engagement Generals Corse and Giles Smith were seriously 
wounded. The attack was made again and again. Sherman 
pushed his columns up the steep sides of the hill under a furious 
fire of artillery, musketry, and stones, but the Confederates hav- 
ing brought up their reserves, all the assaults were repulsed with 
severe slaughter. 

In opposing Sherman, however, the enemy was forced to 
weaken his center and General Grant was quick to avail him- 
self of the advantage. At half- past three a general charge was 
ordered. General Meigs thus describes the assault: 

" At the signal of leaden shots from headquarters on Orchard 
Knob, the line moved rapidly and orderly forward. The rebel 
pickets discharged their muskets and ran into their rifle-pits. 
Our skirmishers followed on their heels. 

" The line of battle was not far behind, and we saw the gray 
rebels swarm out of the ledge line of rifle-pits and over the base 
of the hill in numbers which surprised us. A few turned and 
tired their pieces; but the greater number collected into the 
many roads which cross obliquely up its steep face, and went on 
to the top. 

"Some regiments pressed on and swarmed up the steep sides 
of the ridge, and here and there a color was advanced beyond the 
lines. The attempt appeared most dangerous; but the advance 
was supported, and the whole line was ordered to storm the 
heights, upon which not less than forty pieces of artillery, and 
no one knew how many muskets, stood ready to slaughter the 
assailants. With cheers answering to cheers the men swarmed 
upward. They gathered to the points least difficult of ascent, 



I 



28 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

and the line was broken. Color after color was planted on the 
summit, while musket and cannon vomited their thunder upon 
them. 

"A well-directed shot from Orchard Knob exploded a rebel 
caisson on the summit, and the gun was seen being speedily taken 
to the right, its driver lashing his horses. A party of raw soldiers 
intercepted them, and the gun was captured, with cheers 

" A fierce musketry fight broke out to the left,, where, between 
Thomas and Sherman, a mile or two of the ridge was still occu- 
pied by the rebels. Bragg left the house in which he had held 
his headquarters, and rode to the rear as our troops crowded 
the hill on either side of him. 

" General Grant proceeded to the summit, and then only did 
we know its height. 

" Some of the captured artillery was put into position; artil- 
lerists were sent for to work the guns, and caissons were searched 
for ammunition. 

"The rebel log breastworks were torn to pieces and carried 
to the other side of the ridge, and used in forming barricades 
across. 

"A strong line of infantry was formed in the rear of Baird's 
line, and engaged in a musketry contest with the rebels to the 
left, and a secure lodgment was soon effected. 

"The other assault, to the right of our center, gained the 
summit, and the rebels threw down their arms and fled. 

" Hooker, coming into a favorable position, swept the right 
of the ridge, and captured many prisoners. 

" Bragg's remaining troops left early in the night, and the 
battle of Chattanooga, after days of maneuvering aud fighting, 
was won. The strength of the rebellion in the center is broken; 
Burn side is relieved from danger in East Tennessee; Kentucky 
and Tennessee are rescued; Georgia and the Southeast are threat- 
ened in the rear, and another victory is added to the chapter of 
Unconditional Surrender Grant. 

"To-night the estimate of captures is several thousand pris- 
oners and thirty„pieces of artillery. 

" Our loss for so great a victory is not severe. 

******* 

"Probably not so well-directed, so well-orclered a battle, has 
taken place during the war. But one assault was repulsed, but 
that assault, by calling to that point the rebel reserves, pre- 
vented them repulsing any of the others. 

" A few days since, Bragg sent to General Grant a flag of 
truce, advising him that it would be prudent to remove any 
non-combatants who might be still in Chattanooga. No reply 
has been returned; but the combatants having removed from 
the vicinity, it is probable that non-combatants can remain with- 
out imprudence." 

General Grant sent the following dispatch to his superior 
officer: 

" Chattanooga, Nov. 25, 1863—7.15 p. m. 
"Major-General H. W. Halleck, General-in-Chief: 

"Although the battle lasted from early dawn till dark this 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 29 

evening, I believe I am not premature in announcing a com- 
plete victory over Bragg. 

"Lookout Mountain top, all the rifle-pits in Chattanooga 
Valley, and Missionary Ridge entire have been carried, and are 
now held by us. 

"U. S. Grant, Major-General.'' 

Bragg retreated toward Dalton, Ga., and finding that he was 
not pursued, made a stand there. 

On the 7th the president issued a proclamation, ordering the 
people to give thanks for the final deliverance of East Tennes- 
see. A congratulatory dispatch was also sent to General Grant, 
which was read to the army. 

The campaign being ended General Grant issued the following 
bulletin: 

41 Headquarters Military Division of the Mississippi, ) 

• in the Field, > 

" Chattanooga, Tennessee, Dec. 10, 1863. ) 
"General Orders, No. 9. 
"The general commanding takes this opportunity of return- 
ing his sincere thanks and congratulations to the brave armies 
of the Cumberland, the Ohio, the Tennessee, and their comrades 
from the Potomac, for the recent splendid and decisive successes 
achieved over the enemy. In a short time you have recovered 
from him the control of the Tennessee River, from Bridgeport to 
Knoxville. You dislodged him from his great stronghold upon 
Lookout Mountain, drove him from Chattanooga Valley, wrested 
from his determined grasp the possession of Missionary Ridge, 
repelled, with heavy loss to him, his repeated assaults upon 
Knoxville, forcing him to raise the siege there, driving him at 
all points, utterly routed and discomfited, beyond the limits of 
the state. By your noble heroism and determined courage, you 
have most effectually defeated the plans of the enemy for regain- 
ing possession of the states of Kentucky and Tennessee. You 
have secured positions from which no rebellious power can drive 
or dislodge you. For all this, the general commanding thanks 
you, collectively and individually. The loyal people of the 
United States thank and bless you. Their hopes and prayers 
for your success against this unholy rebellion are with you 
daily. Their faith in you will not be in vain. Their hopes will 
not be blasted. Their prayers to Almighty God will be answered. 
You will yet go to other fields of strife, and with the invincible 
bravery and unflinching loyalty to justice and right which have 
characterized you in the past, you will prove that no enemy can 
w^hstand you, and that no defenses, however formidable, can 
/neck your onward march. 
By order of Major-General U. S. Grant. 
/ " T. S. Bowers, A. A. G." 

j Honors now crowded thick and fast upon the illustrious hero. 
/ Congress ordered a medal to be struck in his honor. President 
Lincoln appointed him a lieutenant-general, and the legislatures 
of nearly all th" Northern States passed resolutions thanking 
him in the name of the people for his gallant services in the 



30 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

cause of the Union. Military men throughout the world saluted 
him as one of the greatest captains of the age. 



CHAPTER VII. 

On to Richmond— General Grant made Commander-in-Chief of the 
Armv— The Siege of the Capital of the Southern Confederacy— 
" We'll Fight it Out on this Line rf it Takes all Summer "—Fall of 
Richmond and End of the War— Grant's Farewell Address to II is 
Soldiers. 

The Cb" '. a X)ga campaign being ended, the tireless com- 
mander i * ately made preparations for another great cam- 
paign in i. at 1 'west. On the 18th of December, 1863, Gen- 
era! Grant leu Chattanooga and proceeded to Louisville. After 
assuring himself tha„ he could make communications with all 
the different portions of his army, he left for St. Louis in the 
latter part of January, for the purpose of seeing one of his chil- 
dren, who was dangerously ill. While there he was tendered 
and accepted a public dinner. In the evening he was serenaded, 
and when called upon for a speech, he replied as follows: 

"Gentlemen, — I thank you for this honor. I cannot make a 
speech. It is something I have never done, and never intend 
to, and I beg you will excuse me." 

From St. Louis, he proceeded to Washington. On the after- 
noon of March 9th, President Lincoln presented him with the 
commission as lieutenant-general, addressing him as follows: 

" Genera] Grant, — The nation's appreciation of what you have 
done, and its reliance upon you for wdiat still remains to be ac- 
complished in the existing great struggle, are now presented with 
this commission, constituting you lieutenant-general in the army 
of the United States. With this high honor devolves upon you, 
also, a corresponding responsibility. As the country here trusts 
you, so. under God, it will sustain you. I scarcely need to add, 
that with what I here speak for the nation, goes my own hearty 
personal concurrence." 

General Grant, in the longest speech he had up till then made, 
replied as follow t : 

" Mr. President,— I accept the commission,, with gratitude for 
the high honor conferred. With the aid of " " Me armies that 
have fought od so many fields for our con . country, it will 
be my earnest endeavor not to disappoint your expectation. I 
feel the full weight of the responsibilities now devolving upon 
me, and I know that if they are met. it will be due to those^ar- 
mies, and, above all, to the favor of that Providence which leaK 
but li nations and men." 

On the 11th of March, 1864, he left for the West with his st; 
and on the 12th the following important order was issued fr 
the office of the adjutant-general: 

"General Orders, No. 98. 
" The President of the United States orders as follows: 
" First, Major-General Halleck is, at his own request, relieved 



k 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 31 

from dutv as lieutenant-general-in-chief of the army, and Lieu- 
tenant-Genera 1 U. S. Grant is assigned to the command of the 
armies of the United States. The headquarters of tbe army will 
be in Washington, and also with Lieutenant-General Grant in the 
field. 

" Second, Major-General Halleck is assigned to duty in Wash- 
ington, as chief of staff of the army under the direction of the 
secretary of war and the lieutenant-general commanding. His 
orders will be obeved and respected accordingly. 

" Third. Major-General W. T. Sherman is assigned to the com- 
mand of the military division of the Mississippi, composed of the 
Departments of the" Ohio, the Cumberland, thr ^-messee and 
the Arkansas. 

'*'* By order of the secretary of war, 

"E. Z. TOWNSENV, 

" Asst. ! Adjutant-General." 

The great campaign in Virginia which followed these events 
was a fitting crown to General Grant's glorious military career. 
In the battles which followed he found himself opposed to the 
great chieftain of tbe Confederacy, Robert E. Lee. "On to Rich- 
mond " was now the universal cry, and nobly did the gallant 
troops respond to the call. 

On the 3d of May the entire Army of the Potomac was thrown 
across the Rapidan, converging upon the Wilderness and Chan- 
cellorsville. Two days later Lee, with the main body of his 
powerful force, fell upon Grant's right, then upon his left, and 
again upon his center. May 6th, the Confederate commander 
resumed the attack with tremeudous fury. Tt was a veritable 
battle of the giants, a titanic contest. The losses in these two 
days were about equal— 15,000 on each side, killed and wounded. 
On the 7th Lee fell back toward the North Anna. 

Then ensued that wonderful contest in which the rebels were 
steadily pushed backward, contesting each inch of ground, and 
maneuvering to prevent the Union troops from cutting off their 
main retreat to Richmond. 

On the 11th of May the lieutenant-general telegraphed his 
gradual advance, and added with characteristic energy, " I pro- 
pose to fight it out on this line if it takes all summer." 

On the 29th of May Grant forced the passage of the Pamunkey. 
On the 30th I %wed the attack with redoubled fury. But 

his valor and n,^, y science were in vain, he was pressed back; 
and on the 14th of June Grant laid siege to Richmond and 
Petersburg. He kept up the siege all through the year, and the 
opening of the next year. By April it was clear to all minds 
mat nothing short of a miracle could save Lee's army, and. with 
it the tottering Confederacy. The people of Richmond prepared 
to leave the country. Consternation and demoralization filled 
the souls of the leaders. 

The Confederates fought with the desperation of men who 
know that their last hour has come. Attempt after attempt was 
made to break through the Union lines, but all in vain. The gal- 
lant Union troops stood their ground like walls of adamant. 



32 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

Nearer and nearer the iron circle drew, until Lee, seeing that all 
resistance was useless, surrendered on the ninth day of April, 
1865. The terms of the surrender were as follows: 

All arms, artillery and public property were to be turned over 
to officers appointed by Grant. These were the stipulations as 
Lee consented to them; but after he had signified his accept- 
ance. Grant inserted the clause that the side-arms and private 
horses and baggage of the officers might be retained. Lee seemed 
much gratified at this magnanimity, winch saved him and his 
officers the peculiar humiliation of a formal surrender of their 
weapons. He asked, how about the horses of the cavalry-men, 
which in the rebel army were the property of the private soldier. 
Grant replied that these were included in the surrender. Lee 
looked at the paper again, and acquiesced in Grant's interpreta- 
tion. The latter then said, " I will not change the terms of the 
surrender, General Lee. but twill instruct my officers ivlw receive 
the paroles to allow the men to retain their horses, and take them 
home to Work their little farms." 

The terms of the surrender were signed under the now his- 
toric apple-tree at Appomattox Court House. 

This put an end to the war, and the treaty of peace was signed 
on the '<J6th of April, 1865. The soldiers were mustered out in 
a few months and went back to their homes and avocations, 
greeted everywhere on the homeward march by the wild ac- 
claim of a grateful people. In the farewell address of General 
Grant to the disbanding army, he said: 

11 In obedience to your country's call, you left your homes and 
firesides and volunteered in its defense. Victory has crowned 
your valor, and secured the purpose of your patriotic hearts, 
and, with the gratitude of your countrymen and the highest 
honors a great nation can accord, you will soon be permitted 
to return to your homes and families, conscious of having dis- 
charged the highest duty of American citizens. 

" To achieve the glorious triumph, and secure to yourselves, 
your fellow-countrymen and posterity, the blessings of free 
institutions, tens of thousands of your gallant countrymen 
have fallen, and sealed their priceless legacy with their lives. 
The graves of these a grateful nation bedews with tears, honors 
their memories, and will ever cherish and support their stricken 
families." 

At the close of the war, General Grant had conquered for 
himself a place in the hearts of his countrymen beside those 
of Washington and Lincoln— a place he has retained ever since. 



\ 

.•ant— f\ 



CHAPTER VIII. 
Grant the Statesman— Ad-Interim Secretary of War— President Grant- 
Events of His Administration— The Panic— The Chicago and 
Boston Fires— The .Modoc War— "Let no Guilty Man Escape." 
Up to the administration of President Johnson. General 
Grant had never held a civil appointment, although they were 
as plentiful as blackberries. The removal of Edwin A. Stanton. 
the patriotic ;^A energetic incumbent of the war office during 



' 



GENERAL ULYSSE3 S. GRANT. 33 

Lincoln's administration, was in oppooition to the protests of the 
general of the army. The rejection by the Soutli of the Four- 
teenth Amendment had darkened the prospect of renewed unity 
and peace. Congress, in retaliation of the act, had passed re- 
construction measures, making five military districts of the 
area of the rebellion. 

During this period the need of a proper loyal officer at the 
head of the war department led Grant, as the safest course, to 
assent to Johnson's wish, and till the vacancy pending the dis- 
agreement between the executive and Senate with reference 
to the tenure of office of the suspended secretary of war. 

Graut held the position five months. His industry while ad- 
interim secretary was untiring. The department needed over- 
hauling sadly; and retrenchment was begun by Grant in a man- 
ner so judicious and thorough that it served as a model for all 
subsequent economists. The monthly expenditures were cur- 
tailed fully $100,000, making an annual saving of more than 
$1,200,000. 

When the conflict on the question of the amendments arose 
between the North and the conquered South. General Grant 
made a speech at Des Moines, of which the following is an ex- 
tract: 

" Let us labor for security of free thought, free speech, free 
press, pure morals, unfettered religious sentiments, and equal 
rights and privileges for all men, irrespective of nationality, 
color, or religion; encourage free schools; resolve that not one 
dollar appropriated to them shall go to the support of any 
sectarian school; resolve that neither state nor nation shall 
support any institution save those where every child may get a 
common school education unmixed with any atheistic, pagan or 
sectarian teaching; leave the matter of religious teaching to 
the family altar, and keep church and state forever separate." 

General Grant, in these few words, showed himself to be the 
greatest defender of the Constitution of the United States living ; 
New honors were in store for him. At the Soldiers' and Sailors' 
and Republican conventions, which met in 1868, he was unan- 
imously nominated to the presidency amid thunders of ap- 
plause. 

Some of his intimate friends advised him not to accept the 
nomination, urging his inexperience in civil affairs. To all such 
he replied: 

"All you sav is plain to me. I am aware of the difficulties 
awaiting any man who takes that position with its present coru- 
scations. I have no ambition for the place. My profession 
m suited to mv tastes and habits. I have arrived at its height, 
and been honored with a position to continue for life, with 
a generous compensation, and satisfactory to the highest as- 
pirations of a soldier. It will be the greatest sacrifice I ever 
made, to give this up for the turmoil of the presidential office. 

" But if the people ask it, I must yield. For some years, the 
people of America have trusted their sons and brothers and 
fathers to me. and every step taken with them, in the period 



34 LIFE AND M E MO IRS OF 

from Belmont to Appomattox, has been tracked in the best 
blood of this country. 

" If now they need me to finish the work, I must accept the 
duty, if in doing so I lay down the realization of my most 
ambitious hopes." 

He was triumphantly elected, and took the oath of office 
March 4th, 1869. He was re-elected in the memorable cam- 
paign of 1872, over a coalition of Democrats and Republicans, 
under the leadership of Horace Greeley. 

The two terms Grant served are, comparatively speaking, so 
recent, that we will only give a resume of his messages, public 
acts, and political course. In his letter accepting the nomina- 
tion, he said: 

"A purely administrative officer should always be left free 
to execute the will of the people. I always have respected 
that will, and always shall." 

In a message to Congress on the subject of public education, 
he wrote: 

" The ' Father of his Country ' in his farewell address, uses the 
language, ' Promote, then, as a matter of primary importance, 
institutions for the general diffusion of knowledge.' The adop- 
tion of the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution completes 
the greatest civil change, and constitutes the most important 
event that has ever occurred since the nation came into life. 
The change will be beneficial in proportion to the heed that is 
given to the urgent recommendations of Washington. If these 
recommendations were important then, with a population of 
but a few millions, how much more important now! 

" I therefore call upon Congress to take all the means within 
their constitutional powers, to promote and encourage popular 
education through the country; and upon the people everywhere 
to see to it, that all who possess and exercise political rights 
shall have the opportunity to acquire the knowledge which will 
make their share in government a blessing and not a danger. 
By such means only can the benefits contemplated by this 
amendment to the Constitution be secured." 

The pernicious system of political assessments, which reached 
its climax in the celebrated circular to the departments issued by 
the notorious Jay S. Hubbell during the Garfield campaign, 
had already come into life, when Grant was called to the chief 
magistracy. His views on this important question are worth 
quoting, if only to show the rnanly stand he took. He says: 

" The utmost fidelity and diligence will be expected of all 
officers in every branch of the public service. Political asv ss ~ 
ments, as they arc called, have been forbidden within the vaixV^ 
departments; and while the right of all persons in offie"^ 
positions to take part in politics is acknowledged, and the elective 
franchise is recognized as a high trust to be discharged by all 
entitled to its exercise, whether in the employment of the gov- 
ernment or in private life, honesty and efficiency, not political 
activity, will determine the tenure of office." 

'"hese noble words ought to be written in letters of gold, and 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 85 

hung up in the bureau of every office-holder thoroughout the 
land. 

Grant never sought a nomination to the presidency, it was 
literally forced upon him. Speaking of this in after years, he 
said that the position of General of the Army, which Con- 
gress had expressly created for him, was the one he liked. He 
would have retained it, until such time as Congress might have 
consented to his retirement, with the rauk and pay of a gen- 
eral. He would then have gone to a home, where the balance of 
his days might be spent in peace and in the enjoyment of do- 
mestic quiet, relieved from the cares which had oppressed him 
for fourteen j r ears. But he was made to believe that the public 
good called upon him to make the sacrifice. 

During Grant's first term the Pacific Railroad connecting Cali- 
fornia with the Mississippi Valley was completed. This remark- 
able enterprise, 1776 miles in length, was finished in the short 
space of three years. Goods from Japan and China are brought 
across the Pacific to San Francisco and then over the Pacific 
Railroad to the East. 

In March, 1870, the famous Fifteenth Amendment to the 
Constitution, ratified by the states, was declared to be adopted. 
It provided that " the right of the citizens of the United States 
to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or 
any state, on account of race, color, or previous condition of 
servitude." 

It was also during Grant's administration that the celebrated 
Alabama Question, which had been a bone of contention be- 
tween England and the United States, ever since the war, was 
solved by the Tribunal of Arbitration, which met at Geneva, 
Switzerland, on the 15th of December, 1871. The tribunal was 
composed of five arbitrators: The President of the United 
States, her Britannic Majesty, the King of Italy, the President 
of the Swiss Confederation," and the Emperor of Brazil. 

On the 14th of September, 1872, the tribunal decided that 
Great Britain should pay to the United States the sum of $15,- 
500,000 in gold for losses sustained by its citizens through dep- 
redations committed by the Alabama and other Confederate 
cruisers. This award was paid by Great Britain in the following 
year. 

Another important event was the settlement of the north- 
western boundary dispute between Great Britain and the United 
States. 

The Emperor of Germany was selected as the arbitrator. In 
October, 1872, he decided that the boundary be a line drawn 
through the middle of the Canal de Haro, between Vancouver 
Island and the Islaud of San Juan, instead of the middle of Rosa- 
rio Straits, as demanded by Great Britain. This decision gave 
the Island of San Juan to the United States. 

The year 1871 was also memorable for the great fire in Chicago. 
It commenced on the 4th of October, and spread over nearly 
five square miles, continuing for two days and resulting in im- 
mense destruction^: property. The loss was estimated as high 



;*6 LIFE AXD MEMOIRS OF 

as $200,000,000, and over one hundred thousand of the popu- 
lation were made houseless. 

The city of Boston suffered from a like calamity in the fol- 
lowing year, November 9, 1872. The fire laid waste the build- 
ings covering sixty acres, in the business part of the citv, and 
destroyed property valued at $80,000,000. 

In the fall of 1873 the business of the entire country received 
a severe shock in the financial panic of that year. Beginning 
with the failure of Jay Cooke & Co., who had become deeply 
involved in the building of the Northern Pacific Railroad, the 
panic soon spread through all channels of business; house after 
house failed, and mercantile credit seemed well-nigh ruined. 
Railroad interests, especially in the newer states, suffered se- 
verely. Over-speculation and excessive production were the 
chief causes of the crisis. 

The Modoc Indians, who had been placed on a reservation in 
California, left it, and began depredations on the frontier settle- 
ments. Open war broke out in 1872. Several members of the 
Peace Commission, appointed by President Grant, in 1869, to 
treat with Indians, met the Modocs, and General Canby and 
Dr. Thomas were treacherously murdered. 

The war was thereafter prosecuted with vigor, and the In- 
dians retired to some nearly inaccessible fastnesses among the 
lava beds of that region. From these they were at last driven, 
and Captain Jack, their leader, was captured. He and three of 
his companions were hanged October, 1873. 

The Sioux Indians occupied a reservation among the Black 
Hills, in the territories of Dakota and Wyoming. Gold was 
discovered within the limits of the reservation, and a bill was 
passed by Congress taking away that portion of it lying in 
Dakota. 

The Sioux organized for war, and United States troops were 
sent against them. General George A. Custer, in command of 
a portion of these, pushed across the country from Missouri to 
the Yellowstone. Pressing forward regardless of danger, he 
was met by an overwhelming force of Sioux under Sitting Bull, 
and he, with two hundred and sixty-one men, nearly his entire 
force, were killed, June 25, 1876. The Indians afterward retired 
into the British Possessions, where they were safe from the 
pursuit of the United States troops. 

The centennial year of American independence was cele- 
brated in Philadelphia during the year 1876, with a grand in- 
ternational exhibition, which was inaugurated with imposing- 
ceremonies by President Grant May 10, and continued open until 
November 10, a period of one hundred and fifty-nine days. 

Its chief object was to show the progress of the nation in arts 
and manufactures during the first century of its existence, but 
all foreign nations were invited to contribute, and thirty-three 
of these exhibited their products. The space occupied was 
seventy-five acres, an area far greater than that of any previous 
exhibition. The grand total of admissions was 9,910,965. The 
total receipts were $3,813,725. 
The foregoing ;were the principal events of Grant's two ad- 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 87 

ministrations. He made many mistakes, no doubt, but they 
were all errors of the heart rather than of the mind. 

Brought up to the profession of arms, like all military men 
he had a contempt for politicians and doctrinaire^. In making 
his appointments he was actuated more by his personal ideas of 
the candidate's fitness than by any regard for general and often- 
times erroneous opinions, and this is why his cabinet selections 
were so savagely attacked in the public press. 

High officials' and ministers were chosen by him, not only for 
the qualifications they possessed, but also on account of their 
genial qualities as men, and through a sense of good-fellowship. 
Yet, in spite of all this, his appointments in the main were 
judicious. 

His mistakes came from his steadfast adherence to his 
friends through fgood and evil. He placed too much reliance 
on them, and" in many cases his confidence was shamefully 
abused. 

Coming into civil life unprepared, save by natural excellence 
of judgment, purity of intention, and firmness of resolve, his 
administration brought the country each year to that consum- 
mation of reduced expenses, lessened public debts, unquestioned 
public credits, and peace at home and abroad, to which he stood 
pledged in assuming his responsibilities. 

If his advisers were unfaithful to their public trusts, he him- 
self has gone through the ordeal unscathed. His reputation is 
spotless, his integrity unquestioned, and his name will go down 
to posteritv with undimmed luster. 

Besides, it should not be forgotten that when the general came 
to the presidency, the country was still in an unsettled condi- 
tion, the spirit of speculation was rife and extravagance ran riot. 
During the war vast fortunes had been accumulated, and an era 
of high carnival reigned. 

Society was reckless, and naturally public officials caught the 
infection. To keep up with the tide with the small salaries they 
had was impossible. Hence venality, corruption and official 
jobbery became the rule, and General Grant, being at the head 
of the government, was made to bear the burden of the sins of his 
subordinates, although bis own hands were clean. 

If a cabinet minister accepted a bribe, Grant was charged 
with the crime. If a ward politician secured a contract for 
paving the streets of Washington and sent in fictitious bills, 
the ignominy of the transaction fell upon Grant. If a scheme 
was hatched out in the navy department between the secretary 
of the navy and an unprincipled contractor, whereby they could 
both lay hands on the treasury of the United States, the whole 
country, as with one voice, charged the crime to General Grant's 
account. 

In this way, and in spite of the general's famous order, " Let 
no guilty man escape," " Grantism " became synonymous with 
corruption. It is only within recent years, and in the light of 
several congressional investigations, that the general's character 
has been vindicated. 

In spite of the vituperation heaped upon his head by his ene- 



38 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

mies and the split in bis own party, the people's faith in their 
old hero remained unshaken, and in the memorable campaign 
of 1872, he was re-elected to his high office by an overwhelming 
majority. He, himself, regarded this as a complete refutal of 
the aspersious which had been cast upon his character. 

In his second inaugural address, referring to this very subject, 
he said: 

"From my candidacy for my present office in 1868, to the close 
of the last presidential campaign, I have been the subject of 
abuse and slander, scarcely ever equaled in political history, 
which, to-day, I feel I can afford to disregard in view of your 
verdict, which I gratefully accept as my vindication." 

Paraphrasing the language of the poet, his only fault may be 
said to be that 

" He trusted not wisely, but too well." 



CHAPTER IX. 

The Tour Around the World— Departure from Philadelphia— Sherman's 
Speech— Grant's Reply— Arrival at Queenstown — The Welcome at 
Liverpool — Loudon— Receiving the Freedom of the City of London 
— Grant Makes Two Speeches in One Day. 

President Hayes' accession to office relieved General Grant 
from the arduous and unremitting duties, which during the pre- 
ceding sixteen years he had performed for his country, on the 
field of battle and at the capital of the uation. He needed rest 
and recreation and he had amply earned it. 

His long-cherished idea to see foreign countries could now 
be put into execution, and no sooner did he broach the subject 
of making a tour around the world, than his grateful fellow-citi- 
zens hastened to offer him every convenience, while from the 
potentates of foreign lands invitations came pouring in testifying 
their esteem and admiration of the great hero and inviting 
him to visit their courts. 

Such of the invitations as could be conveniently embraced in 
the projected itineracy he accepted, but with his characteristic 
modesty he declined the proffer of a man-of-war offered by the 
government and determined to take passage on the Indiana, of 
the only American line of steamers crossing the Atlantic, which 
was to sail from Philadelphia on the 17th of May, 1877. 

Mrs. Grant and her son Jesse were to accompany him. That 
the party would be received everywhere with open arms was a 
matter of course; still, to make assurance doubly sure, Mr. 
William M. Evarts, who was then secretary of state, sent out 
the following official communication to the diplomatic ana 
consular officers of the United States: 

"Gentlemen,— General Ulysses S. Grant, the late President 
of the United States, sailed from Philadelphia on the 17th inst. 
for Liverpool. 

"The route and extent of his travels, as well as the duration 
of his sojourn abroad, were alike undetermined at the time of 
his departure, the object of his journey being to secure a few 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 39 

months of rest and recreation after sixteen years of unremitting 
and devoted labor in the military and civil service of his 
country. 

"The enthusiastic manifestations of popular regard and 
esteem for General Grant shown by the people in all parts 
of the country that he has visited since his retirement from 
official life, and attending his every appearance in public from 
the day of that retirement up to the moment of his departure 
for Europe, indicate beyond question the high place he holds in 
the grateful affections of his countrymen. 

'* Sharing in the largest measure this general public sentiment, 
and at the same time expressing the wishes of the president, I 
desire to invite the aid of the diplomatic and consular officers 
of the government to make his journey a pleasant one should 
he visit their posts. I feel already assured that you will find 
patriotic pleasure in anticipating the wishes of the department 
by showing him that attention and consideration which is due 
from every officer of the government to a citizen of the republic 
so signally distinguished both in official service and personal 
renown." 

The receptions and attentions indicated in Mr. Evarts' letter, 
which were tendered to General Grant before his departure, 
were of a grandiose character, especially those given on the 
evening of the 14th of May by the Union League Club of Phila- 
delphia, and on the 16th by Mr. George W. Childs, at the latter's 
residence. 

On the morning of the departure, Mrs. Grant and Jesse 
Grant, accompanied by a host of friends, were taken to the 
Indiana by the United States revenue cutter Hamilton, while the 
general was escorted by a distinguished company on board the 
steamer Twilight. The occasion was utilized to give General 
Grant a farewell breakfast, and among those at the table in 
the saloon of the Twilight, were ex-Secretaries Fish, Robeson 
and Chandler, Senator Cameron, Governor Hartranft, General 
Sherman and Mayor Stokely. 

When the time came for speeches, General Sherman, referring 
to the welcome extended by the populace crowded on the 
banks of the Delaware to see their idol off on his trip, said: 

"This proud welcome demands a response. General Grant 
leaves here to-day with the highest rewards of his fellow-citi- 
zens, and on his arrival at the other side there is no doubt he 
will be welcomed by friends with as willing hands and warm 
hearts as those he leaves behind. Ex-President Grant— General 
Grant— while you, his fellow-citizens, speak of him and regard 
him as ex-President Grant; I cannot but think of the times 
of the war, of General Grant, President of the United States 
for eight years, yet I cannot but think of him as the General 
Grant of Fort Donelson. 

"I think of him as the man who, when the country was in 
the hour of its peril, restored its hopes when he marched tri- 
umphant into Fort Donelson. After that none of us felt the 
least doubt as to the future of our country, and therefore, if the 



40 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

name of Washington is allied with the birth of our country, that 
of Grant is forever identified with its preservation, its perpet- 
uation. 

"It is not here alone on the shores of the Delaware that the 
people love and respect vou, but in Chicago and St. Paul, and 
in far-off San Francisco, the prayer* go up to-day that your 
voyage may be prosperous and pleasant. God bless you and 
grant you a pleasant journey and a safe return to your native 
land." 

To this General Grant, who was deeply affected, responded: 

"I feel much overcome by what I have heard. When the 
first toast was offered, I supposed the last words here for me 
had been spoken, and I feel overcome by sentiments to which I 
have listened, and which T feel. I am altogether inadequate to 
respond to. I don't think that the compliments ought all to 
be paid to me or any one man in either of the positions which I 
was called upon to fill. 

"That which I accomplished— which I was able to accom- 
plish— I owe to the assistance of able lieutenants. I was so fortu- 
nate as to be called to the first position in the army of the 
nation, and I had the good fortune to select lieutenants who 
could have filled ''—here the general turned to Sherman— " had 
it been necessarv, I believe some of these lieutenants could 
have filled my place may be better than I did. 1 do not, there- 
fore, regard myself as entitled to all the praise. 

" I believe that my friend Sherman could have taken my place 
as a soldier as well as I could, and the same will apply to Sheri- 
dan. And I believe, finally, that if our country ever comes 
into trial again, young men will spring up equal to the occasiou, 
and if one fails, there will be another to take his place. Just 
as there was if I had failed." 

The modesty of this address shows General Grant in his truest 
light, while its tact, and the easy, self-possessed way with which 
it was delivered, were evidences of the development of a new 
talent— that of readv speaking on the part of one who had won 
the sobriquet of " The Silent Man." We need not dwell upon 
the enthusiastic applause and cheers with which the speech 
was received by the hearers. 

When the Twilight reached the Indiana. Mrs. Grant and Jesse 
were already on board, and amid the booming of cannon and 
the waving of salutes the ever memorable trip around the world 
was begun. 

The voyage across the Atlantic was rather tempestuous; Mrs. 
Grant suffered somewhat from sea- sickness, but the genera! 
weathered the gales like an old " sea-dog," his accustomed cigar 
never leaving his lips while he was on deck. 

On the evening of May 27 the Indiana touched the shores 
of the Old World, entering Queenstown Harbor. A deputation 
of prominent citizens came on board to invite the general to 
pass some days in Ireland, but his previous engagements obliged 
him to postpone the acceptance of the invitation to a later 
period. The Indiana set out to sea again, and on the nex 
day, which was bright and pleasant, arrived at Liverpool, * T " 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 41 

A. R. Walker, the Mayor of Liverpool, came on board at tbe 
head of a delegation, and delivered the following address of 
welcome: 

"General Grant— I am proud that it has fallen to my lot, as 
chief magistrate of Liverpool, to welcome to the shores of Eng- 
land so distinguished a citizen of the United States. You have, 
sir, stamped your name on the history of the world by your 
brilliant career as a soldier, and still more as a statesman in the 
interests of peace. In the name of Liverpool, whose interests 
are so closely allied with your great country, I bid you heartily 
welcome, and I hope Mr?. Grant and yourself will enjoy your 
visit to old England." 

General Grant remained at Liverpool until the 30th, visiting 
the principal points of interest in the city and being banqueted 
by the municipal authorities. From Liverpool he proceeded 
to Manchester, exhibiting much interest in inspecting the fac- 
tories in that town, and after passing through Salford and 
Leicester, reached Loudon on June 1. 

His first two weeks' stay in London was informally spent in 
as much sight-seeing as possible, and on the 15th of the month 
the freedom of the city of London w^as conferred upon him, 
which is the highest honor that can be given by the municipal 
authorities. 

The presentation was made at Guildhall amid ceremonies 
which were as unique as they were interesting. 

On his arrival at the historical building, General Grant was 
received by a deputation of four aldermen, who conducted him 
to a place in the common council, on the left hand of the lord- 
mayor. The meeting of the common council was called to order, 
and after the transaction of some routine business, the cham- 
berlain, Mr. B. Scott, in a highly interesting address, presented 
the general with an illuminated copy of the resolutions confer- 
ring the freedom of the city. These resolutions were contained 
in a gold casket, one panel of which contains a view of the 
Capitol at Washington, and on the right and left are the gen- 
eral's monogram and the arms of the lord-mayor. The casket 
is further ornamented by two figures in gold representing the 
city of London and the republic of the United States. On the 
cover are the arms of the city of London. 

In reply to the address which accompanied the presenta- 
tion. General Grant said: 

" It is a matter of some regret to me that I have never culti- 
vated that art of public speaking, which might have enabled 
me to express in suitable terms my gratitude for the compli- 
ment which has been paid to my countrymen and myself on this 
occasion. 

" Were I in the habit of speaking in public, I should claim 
the right to express my opinion, and what I believe to be the 
opinion of my countrymen, when the proceedings of this day 
shall have been telegraphed to them. 

" For myself, I have been very much surprised at my reception 
at all places since the day I landed at Liverpool up to my appear- 
ance in this the greatest city in the world. 



LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

'" unexpected, and it is particularly gratify- 
ing that this honor is intended quite as much 
for it have had the opportunity of serving in 
differen. -self; and I am glad "that this is so, 
because 1 oiest relations existing not only 
between the l eat Britain, but also between 
the United Statt s, 

" Although a sc -»ud profession, I have 

never felt any sort 01 1 I have never advo- 

cated it except as a mea L t we shall always 

settle our differences in all s amicably as 

we did in a recent instance. 

" I believe that settlement hag on both 

countries, and that from month to . ear, the 

tie of common civilization and common ^ stronger 

between the two countries. My lord-ma^ *nd gentle- 

men, I again thank you for the honor you . .one me and 

my country to-day," 

The ceremonies concluded with an elaborate breakfast in the 
Guildhall, at which the guests were so numerous, that the repast 
had to be served on twenty tables. Of course General Grant 
was called on again for a speech and delivered the following 
gem: 

"Habits formed in early life and early education press upon 
us as we grow older. I was brought up a soldier— not to talk- 
ing. I am not aware that I ever fought two battles on the 
same day in the same place, and that I should be called upon 
to make two speeches on the same day under the same roof, is 
beyond my understanding. 

"What I do understand is that I am much indebted to all 
of you for the compliment you have paid me. All I can do is to 
thank the lord-mayor for his kind words, and to thank the 
citizens of Great Britain here present, in the name of my country, 
and for myself." 



CHAPTER X. 

The Prince of Wales' Greeting— Received by Queen Victoria— Grant's 
Speech in Liverpool— His Address to the English YVorkingruen— 
Flying Trips Through Belgium, Switzerland, etc., etc. 

After a round of festivities such as dinners, receptions and 
gala performances at the opera, all of which were gotten up 
in the general's honor, an invitation was received requesting 
the general's attendance at a banquet given by the Trinity 
Corporation in their hall at Tower Hill, at which the Prince of 
"Wales presided. The company at table was large and distin- 
guished. The most prominent Englishmen in every walk of life 
took part. The Prince of Wales, rising to receive the illustrious 
soldier, said: 

"It is a matter of peculiar gratification to us as Englishmen 
to receive as our guest General Grant. I can assure him for 
myself and for all loyal subjects of the queen, that it has given 
me the greatest pleasure to see him as a guest in this country." 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 43 

General Grant, in a few well-chosen words, thanked the 
Prince of Wales for the compliment paid him. 

A few clays later the general was agreeably surprised at re- 
ceiving the following invitation: 

" The lord steward of her majesty's household is com- 
manded by the queen to invite Mr. and Mrs. Grant to dinner 
at Windsor Castle, on Wednesday, the 27th inst., and to remain 
until the following day, the 28th of June, 1877." 

The American Minister, Mr. Pierrepont, and his wife, Mr. 
Jesse R. Grant, and General Adam Badeau were also invited. 
On the 27th of June the party left for Windsor by the afternoon 
train. 

The dinner was served in the famous Oak Room. In the 
course of the repast the following telegram was received from 
Governor Hartranft, of Pennsylvania: 

,; Providence, Rhode Island. 
"From General Hartranft, Commander-in-Chief, to General 

U. S. Grant, care of H. 31. the Queen : 

"Your comrades, in national encampment assembled, in 
Rhode Island, send heartiest greetings to their old commander, 
and desire, through England's queen, to thank England for 
Grant's reception." 

General Grant sent the following in reply: 

" Grateful for telegram. Conveyed message to the Queen. 
Thank my old comrades." 

The following day the general returned to London, and 
thence he left for Liverpool, whither he went to fulfill a prom- 
ise he had given to the mayor of that great commercial city, 
that he would accept a dinner from the corporation. Over two 
hundred and fifty guests attended the banquet. 

Replying to the mayor's toast, General Grant said: 

" Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen,— You have alluded to the hearty 
reception given to me on my first landing on the soil of Great 
Britain, and the expectations of the mayor that this reception 
would be equaled throughout the island have been more than 
realized. It is far beyond anything I could have expected. 

" I am a soldier, and the gentlemen here beside me know that 
a soldier must die. I have been a president, but we know that 
the term of the presidency expires, and when it has expired, 
he is no more than a dead soldier. 

"But, gentlemen, I have met with a reception that would 
have done honor to any living person. I feel, however, that 
the compliment has been paid, not to me, but to my country. 
I cannot "help at this moment being highly pleased at the good 
feeling and good sentiment which now exist between the two 
peoples, who, of all others, should be good friends. We are of 
one kindred, of one blood, of one language, and of one civiliza- 
tion, though in some respects we believe that we, being younger, 
surpass the mother country. 

"You have made improvements on the soil and surface ot 



44 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

the earth which we have not yet done, but which we do not be- 
lieve will take us as long as it took you. 

"I heard some military remarks which impressed me a little 
at the time. I am not quite sure whether they were in favor 
of the volunteers or against them. I can only say from my own 
observation that you have as many troops at Aldershott as we 
have in the whole of our regular army, notwithstanding we have 
many thousands of miles of frontier to guard, and hostile In- 
dians to control. But if it became necessary to raise a volunteer 
force I do not think we could do better than follow your ex- 
ample. General Fairchild and myself are examples of volun- 
teers who came forward when their assistance was necessary, 
and I have no doubt that if you ever needed such services you 
would have support from your reserve forces and volunteers 
far more effective than you can conceive." 

On the 3d of July General Grant received a deputation of 
workingmen who presented him with an address of welcome in 
the name of their comrades throughout the United Kingdom. 
Of all the honors, both royal and civic, which were showered 
upon the general, during his three years' tour abroad, none 
touched a deeper chord in his heart than did this simple ad- 
dress of welcome from the hardy sons of toil. 

In replying to the address, which was beautifully engrossed 
on vellum, the general said: 

" Gentlemen, — In the name of my country, I thank you for the 
address you have just presented to me. I feel it a great com- 
pliment paid to my government, to the former government, and 
one to me personally. 

" Since my arrival on British soil, T have received great atten- 
tions, and as I feel, intended in the same way for my country. 
I have received attentions, and have had ovations, free hand- 
shakings, and presentations from different classes, and from the 
government, and from the controlling authorities of cities, and 
have been received in the cities by the populace. 

"But there is no reception I am piouder of than this one to- 
day. I recognize the fact that whatever there is of greatness in 
the United States, or indeed in any other country, is due to the 
labor performed. The laborer is the author of all greatness and 
wealth. Without labor there would be no government, or no 
leading class, or nothing to preserve. With us labor is regarded 
as highly respectable. When it is not so regarded, it is that 
man dishonors labor. 

"We recognize that labor dishonors no man; and no matter 
what a man's occupation is he is eligible to fill any post in the 
gift of the people. His occupation is not considered in the selec- 
tion of him, whether as a lawmaker or an executor of the law. 
Now, gentlemen, in conclusion, all I can do is to renew my 
thanks to you for the address, and to repeat what I have said 
before, that I have received nothing from any class since my ar- 
rival on this soil which has given me more pleasure." 

The London season being at an end, the general made a flying 
trip to the Continent, visiting Belgium, Switzerland and Alsace 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 45 

and Lorraine. Everywhere he was received with the highest 
honors. 



CHAPTER XI. 

Off to Scotland— Receptions at Edinburgh, Elgin, and Glasgow— Return 
to England— The Demonstration at Newcastle— Speeches at Shef- 
field—Grant on Free Trade and Protection— At Shakespeare's 
Birthplace— Visiting His Daughter Nellie— Address to the Work- 
ingmen of Birmingham. 

On the general's return from the Continent, he made his prom- 
ised visit to Scotland. On the 31st of August he reached Edin- 
burgh. The freedom of the "Modern Athens" was tendered 
him in the Free Assembly Hall by the lord provost in the pres- 
ence of two thousand people. In his reply to the lord provost's 
speech, General Grant "said: 

"I am so filled with emotion, that I hardly know how to 
thauk you for the honor conferred upon me, by making me a 
burgess of this ancient city of Ediuburgh. I feel that it is a 
great compliment to me and to my country. , Had I eloquence 
I might dwell somewhat on the history of the great men you have 
produced, or the numerous citizens of this city and Scotland 
that have gone to America, and the records they have made. 
We are proud of Scotchmen as citizens of America. They make 
good citizens of our country, and they find it profitable to them- 
selves. I again thank you for the honor you have conferred 
upon me." 

From Edinburgh the general went to Dunrobin as the guest 
of the Duke of Sutherland, remaining several days at the famous 
seat of that great nobleman. On Tuesday, the ilth of Septem- 
ber, he paid a visit to the town of Elgin, and while there was 
presented with an address by the Town Couucil of Wick. In 
reply to tiie provost's speech he said: 

'• Mr. Provost, Ladies and Gentlemen of the Royal Burgh of 
Wick, — I gladly accept the honor the town council has conferred 
on me by making me a burgess of this burgh, and I am so filled 
with emotion by the address with which the presentation has 
been accompanied as to be quite unable to do justice to the sub- 
ject it embraces. 

"I shall, however, endeavor in a few words to address myself 
to these subjects. I am happy to say that during the eight 
years of my presidency, it was a hope of mine, which I am glad 
to say was realized, that all differences between the two nations 
should be settled in a manner honorable to both. 

"All the questions, I am glad to say, were so settled, and in 
my desire for that result, it was my aim to do what was right, 
irrespective of any other consideration whatever. 

"During all the negotiations, I felt the importance of main- 
taining the friendly relations between the great English-speaking 
people of this country and the United States, which I believe to 
be essential to the maintenance of peace principles throughout 
the world, and I feel confident that the continuance of those re- 



46 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

lations will exercise a vast influence in promoting peace and 
civilization throughout the world." 

From here the general went to Glasgow, the great manufact- 
uring city of Scotland, and at three o'clock on the afternoon of 
the 13th of September, he was presented with the freedom of 
the city. 

In replying to the lord provost, General Grant said: 

"I rise to thank you for the great honor that has been confer- 
red upon me this day by making me a free burgess of this great 
city of Glasgow. The honor is one that I shall cherish, and I 
shall always remember this day. When I am back in my own 
country I will be able to refer with pride not only to my visit to 
Glasgow, but to all the different towns in this kingdom that I 
have had the pleasure and the honor of visiting. 

" I find that I am being made so much a citizen of Scotland, 
it will become a serious question where I shall go to vote. You 
have railr ^ads and other facilities for getting from one place to 
another, ai"d I might vote frequently in Scotland by starting 
early. I do not know how you punish that crime over here; 
it is a crime that is very often practiced by people who come 
to our country and become citizens there by adoption. In fact, 
I think they give the majority of the votes. I do not refer to 
Scotchmen particularly, but to naturalized citizens. But to 
speak more seriously, ladies and gentlemen, I feel the honor of 
this occasion, and I beg to thank you, ladies and gentlemen of 
this city of Glasgow, for the kind words of your lord provost, 
and for the kind expression of this audience." 

From Glasgow the general went to Ayr to see the birthplace 
of Burns, and from thence to Inverary Castle, where he was the 
guest of the Duke of Argyle, a nobleman who was a great 
friend of the North during the civil war. Then followed a tour 
through the manufacturing districts, and a reception at New- 
castle-on-Tyne, the great ship-building town. In reply to an 
address of welcome delivered by the Vice-President of the 
Chamber of Commerce, General Grant said: 

"The president in his remarks has alluded to. the perso 
friendship existing between the two nations — I will not i 
between the two peoples, because we are one people. But 
are two nations having a common destiny, and that destiny % 
be brilliant in proportion to the friendship and co-operation 
the brethren on the two sides of the water. 

"During my eight years of presidency, it was my stud} 
heal up all the sores that were existing between us. T 
healing was accomplished in a manner honorable to the 
tions. From that day to this feelings of amity have been c 
stantly growing, as I think; I know it has been so on our si 
and 1 believe never to be disturbed again. These are two 
tions which ought to be at peace with each other. We ou. 
to strive to keep at peace with all the world besides, i 
by our example stop those wars which have devastated 
own countries and are now devastating some countries 
Europe." 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 47 

Or. the 22d of September a demonstration— the largest which 
had ever taken place in the history of Newcastle, England— of 
workingmen was made. Eighty thousand people surged about 
the platform while Mr. Burt. M. P., read the address. General 
Grant, who was received with great cheering, replied as follows: 

'"Mr. Burt and Workingmen,— Through you I will return 
thanks to the workingmen of Tyneside for the very accepta- 
ble, welcome address which you have just read. I accept from 
that class of people the reception which they have accorded 
me, as among the most honorable. 

" We all know that but for labor we would have very little that 
is worth fighting for, and when wars do come, they fall upon 
the many, the producing class, who are the sufferers. They 
not only have to furnish the means largely, but they have, by 
their labor and industry, to produce the means for those who 
are engaged in destroying and not in producing. 

" I was always a man of peace, and I have always advo- 
cated peace, although educated a soldier. I never wkiingly, al- 
though I have gone through two wars, of my own accord advo- 
cated war. I advocated what I believed to be right, and I 
have fought for it to the best of my ability in order that an hon- 
orable peace might be secured. 

" You have been pleased to allude to the friendly relations 
existing between the two great nations on both sides of the At- 
lantic. They are now most friendly and the friendship has been 
increasing. Our interests are so identified, we are so much re- 
lated to each other, that it is my sincere hope, and it has been 
the sincere hope of my life, and especially of my official life, 
to maintain that friendship. 

"I entertain views of the progress to be made in the future 
by the union and friendship of the £;reat English-speaking peo- 
ples, for I believe that it will result in the spread of our language, 
our civilization, and our industry, and be for the benefit of man- 
kind generally! 

"I do not know, Mr. Burt, that there is anything more for 
me to say, except that I would like to communicate to the peo- 
ple whom I see assembled before me here this day how greatly 
I feel the honor which they have conferred upon me." 

In the evening there was a banquet at the Assembly Rooms, 
the Mayor of Newcastle presiding. In reply to the toast of the 
evening, the general said: 

" Mr. Mayor and Corporation of Newcastle, — I scarcely know 
how to respond to what has been, said by the mayor. J have a 
very vivid recollection that immediately upon my arrival upon 
these shores the mayor invited me up tere, and we have been 
carrying on a correspondence, directly and indirectly, ever since 
as to the time when I should be here. But as to my saying any- 
thing after I came, such a thing never occurred to me. 

" I will say that the entertaiutnent by your worthy mayor has 
exceeded my expectations. I have had no better reception in 
any place, nor do I think it possible to have a better. All I 
have seen since I have been on the Tvne has been to me most 



48 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

gratifying as an individual, and I think when I go back to rny 
own country I will find that it has been very gratifying tc my 
countrymen to hear of it. It has been gratifying, all alons: the 
Tyue to Tynemouth. It has been gratifying ever since my land- 
ing upon English soil. It has been gratifying because I have 
seen that which is extremely pleasant, namely, the good rela- 
tionship existing, that should always exist, between English- 
speaking people. 

44 1 think that is a matter of the vastest importance, because 
I believe we have the blessing of civilization to extend. I do 
not want to detract from other civilizations, but I believe that we 
possess the highest civilization. There is the strongest bond of 
union between the English-speaking people, and that bond should 
and will serve to extend the greatest good to the greatest number. 
That will always be our delight." 

This was the tone of all of General Grant's speeches while in 
England — the closer union of the two great English-speaking 
nations in the bonds of fraternitv and amity. 

On the 26th of September General Grant visited Sheffield, the 
great center of the steel industry. The mayor welcomed the 
general, and in his reply the general said: 

44 Mr. Mayor, Ladies, and Gentlemen of Sheffield, — I have just 
heard the address which has been read and presented ro me 
with great gratification. It affords me singular pleasure to visit 
a city the name of which has been familiar to me from my earliest 
childhood. 

44 I think the first penknife I ever owned, away out in the 
western part of the State of Ohio, was marked 'Sheffield.' I 
think the knives and forks we then used on our table had all of 
them ' Sheffield ' marked on them. I do not know whether 
they were counterfeit or not, but it gave them a good market. 

4 * From that day to this the name of your industrial city has 
been familiar, not only in the states, but I suppose throughout 
the civilized world. The city has been distinguished for its in- 
dustry, its inventions, and its progress. If our commerce has 
not increased as much as you might wish, yet it has increased, 
I think, with Sheffield since the days of which I spoke, when 
we had no cutlery excepting that marked 'Sheffield.' It must 
be very much larger than it was then. 

44 We are getting to make some of those things ourselves, and 
I believe occasionally we put our own stamp upon them. But 
Sheffield cutlery still has a high place in the markets of the 
world. 

44 1 assure you it affords me very great pleasure, the welcome 

that I hqve received here to-day, and I shall can- v w^th 

me the pleasant recollections of what I have seen 

An address was also presented by the mas 
searchers, assistants, and commonalty of the C 
Cutlers of Hallamshire, to which General Gra 
follows: 

,k Mr. Master Cutler and Gentlemen of the Soeiet; 
After the few remarks I made in reply to the address of the 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 49 

mayor there is hardly anything for me to say further than that 
I feel gratified, highly gratified, at this reception. In the mat- 
ter of free trade, I would hardly be able to speak upon that 
subject without some preparation. 

" It must be recollected, however, that the country which I 
had at one time the honor of representing, has gone through 
a great war and contracted a great debt in suppressing a re- 
bellion. That makes it necessary to raise a large amount to 
support the running expenses of the government, and to pay 
the interest on the debt which is owing in foreign countries 
to a very large extent. It is impossible to raise these revenues 
from internal sources. 

"The protective tariff is a matter scarcely heard of now in the 
United States, though it was a common subject of talk years 
ago. The reason it is scarcely mentioned now is that the rev- 
enue from imports is regarded simply as one of the means of 
raising the necessary money to pay the interest upon the na- 
tional debt, and the other expenses incident to the carrying on 
of the government, and if we were to abolish the revenue from 
imports, the foreign bondholders would very soon cry out against 
us because we failed to pay the interest on the bonds which 
they hold. 

" We get along rapidly enough in that direction, and we will 
compete with vou in your manufactures in the markets of the 
world. It is scarcely necessary that I should add anything to 
what I have already said in acknowledgment of my reception 
in Sheffield. 

"In regard to your merchantsand mechanics who have gone to 
our country and have helped to build up our manufactures, I 
can only say we received them with open arms. The more of 
you who go the better we will like it, and I hope it will be to 
their advantage. Business with us at this time is a little de- 
pressed, as it is all over the civilized world; but the day is not 
far distant— in my judgment — certainly I hope it is not far dis- 
tant—when trade and commerce will revive, and when we shall 
see more of you and your sons and daughters over there; see 
them succeed, see them make pleasant homes and become good 
citizens and law-makers with us, and see them, when they are 
qualified, office-holders. 

" I can assure you nothing gives us more pleasure than to see 
the emigration of the industry and intelligence of this com- 
munity. We have room for all, and a hearty welcome for all, 
and if you only come among us we will try to treat you as 
you have treated me to-day." 

On the 2?th of September a banquet was given in honor of the 
general in the famous hall of the Cutlers' Company. After 
speeches by the Earl of Wharncliffe, Mr. Mundella, M. P., and 
the mayor, General Grant arose and said: 

" Mr Mayor and Ladies and Gentlemen of Sheffield— It makes 
my heart feel glad when I hear these sentiments uttered in re- 
gard to my own countrv, and to the friendship which should 
exist between the two nations. As I have had occasion to say 



50 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

frequently, it has always been a cherished view of mine thai 
we should be the best of friends. 

''I am sure, as an official in a position that gave me some 
little power of healing the little grievance that was caused be- 
tween the two nations, I exercised all the influence 1 had to bring 
about a settlement that would be a final settlement, as I believed 
— and I believe now that it is a final settlement. It was not 
a question of whether we should agree; it was not a matter of 
dollars and cents — they were entirely unnamed as compared 
with the question of a settlement. 

" Our wish was simply to have a settlement — that both parties 
should agree and settle the matter. We have agreed upon 
terms, and I believe that this is the beginning of a long series 
of years — I hope centuries— of friendly and honorable rivalry 
between the two great English-speaking nations, and the ad- 
vancement of each. Whatever tends to the advancement of one, 
in some way or other will tend to the advancement of the 
other." 

The following day the general left for Stratford-on-Avon, 
the birthplace of the "divine William." Here w 7 ere shown the 
Shakespeare Memorial, Ann Hathaway's house, and the cot- 
tage Shakespeare was born in. The school children of the town 
were given a holiday in honor of the illustrious guest's visit. 
No doubt they would have felt pleased if the visit could be re- 
newed every day in the year. A casket made out of the wood 
of the mulberry tree planted by Shakespeare at New Place, was 
presented to the general, as a souvenir of his visit. From 
Stratford the general proceeded to Leamington, where he was 
received with unusual honors, and in reply to the mayor's ad- 
dress, he said: 

" Mr. Mayor, Ladies and Gentlemen of Leamington — It is a 
source of great pleasure to me to visit your renowned borough. 
It is a place well-known by the citizens of my country. Two of 
my children have visited you much earlier than I ever found 
time to do myself, and have carried home with them most 
pleasurable recollections, not only of what they saw in Leam- 
ington, but of the very kind treatment which they received at 
the hands of some of your citizens. 

" I have no doubt you have many places of interest surround- 
ing your city, only a few of which I shall be able to visit dur- 
ing the short stay I shall be able to make here; but I shall take 
home some pleasurable recollections of my visit. I am sure 
that it affords me great gratification to see the number of 
people who are outside to receive me as the representative of a 
kindred people. 

" I know the feeling of friendship between the two great 
English-speaking nations is strengthening day by day and year 
by year, and I have no doubt but that in the future, all our 
differences being amicably and fairly adjusted, we shall go hand 
in hand as honorable rivals in producing what is necessary for 
the comfort and support of men, and that our united efforts 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 51 

will be felt throughout the civilized world, and will have a 
beneficial effect in carrying a better civilization. 

" I hope that through our influence we may be able at some 
future clay to settle questions of difference without resort to 
arms. Although it has been my misfortune to have been en- 
gaged in as many battles as it was possible for an American 
soldier of my generation, I never was for war, but always pre- 
ferred to see questions of difference settled by arbitration. 
But in our last great conflict there was the institution of 
slavery. 

" It was not a conflict between two nations — it was a family 
quarrel; and there was no way of settlement. Every honorable 
effort was made on the part of the North to avoid war. We 
know as a people— though, perhaps, it is not generally known — 
at all events, it is not generally spoken of— that our martyred 
president, when he saw that conflict was inevitable, proposed 
to the South that they should be paid for their slaves, if they 
wouid surrender them and come back into the family circle. 
But this they refused; and the result was, as you all know, 
the loss of that species of property without compensation." 

Being near Southampton, the general took advantage of the 
fact to pay a visit to bis, daughter. Mrs. Sartoris — Nellie Grant 
of old— who lives in that city. He spent the time in reposing 
from the excitement of travel and receptions. From thence be 
went to Birmingham, the capital of the Midland counties. In 
replying to an address which was presented to him, the general 
said: 

" Workingmen of Birmingham, — I have just heard your ad- 
dress with great interest. I have had occasion twice before, I 
believe, since I have been in England, to receive addresses 
from the workingmen of Great Britain— once in London and 
once in Newcastle-on-Tyne. In my response, on both occasions, 
I expressed what I thought was due to the workingmen, not 
only of my country and of Great Britain, but to the working- 
men all over the world. 

"I said that we in America strove to make labor respect- 
able. There is no class of labor that disqualifies a man from 
any position either in society or in official life. Labor disgraces 
no man; unfortunately you occasionally find men disgrace 
labor. 

"Your mayor has alluded to the fact that the population of 
Birmingham" had tripled itself in fifty years. I would ask 
the mayor if Birmingham had been deprived of its handicraft 
laborers, would it have seen any such increase ? It is due to 
the labor and to the manufacture of articles, which are turned 
out by the means of labor, that you have grown in population 
and in wealth. 

" In response to the kindly feelings which exist between the 
workingmen of Birmingham and those of the United States, and 
the compliments you have paid to me for the efforts I have 
made in the cause of freedom and the North, I thank you most 
heartily." 



52 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

From Birmingham the general went to Brighton, the Sara- 
toga of England, staying there a couple of weeks and enjoying 
its many attractions. 

In October he went to Paris. 



CHAPTER XII. 

In Paris— Grant and the Franco-Prussian War— His Reception by the 
French— Visiting the Historic Sights of the Gay Capital— Interview 
with Gambetta— Dinner at Mrs. Mackay's— Off for the Holy Land. 

The general's visit to France occurred at a time when political 
excitement ran high. The great struggle which had been going 
on between the adherents of the Count de Chambord, led by the 
Duke de Broglie, and the republicans, under the leadership of 
the indomitable Gambetta, was at an end. 

Happily for France, the cause of the just triumphed, and 
republicanism, which until then had been a mere name, became 
a reality. 

On the morning of the 24th of October, 1877, the general, 
accompanied by his wife and son. reached Paris. They were 
received at the depot by the American minister, General Noyes. 
General Torbert, the consul general, and an aid-de-camp, who 
welcomed him to France on behalf of the then President of the 
French Republic, the gallant and courageous Marshal MacMahon. 

During his stay in Paris the general lived in the Hotel Bristol 
on the Place Vendome, but refused to occupy the suit of rooms 
generally reserved for the Prince of Wales, whenever the latter 
is on one of his periodical visits, and which was tendered him 
by the proprietors of the hotel. 

The general's course during the Franco- German war, when he 
had espoused the cause of the Germans, had been much com- 
mented on, and naturally be looked forward with some anxiety 
to the reception he would receive. The French people did not 
know that the general had no inimical feelings toward them, but 
that his hatred was solely and entirely directed against Louis 
Napoleon and his family. He thought as a great many others 
who espoused the German cause at the time did, that the defeat 
of France, if it resulted in the overthrow of the Napoleonic 
dynasty, would be a blessing instead of a curse to the country. 

'Bearing: all these things in mind, the universal courtesy which 
was shown him by all classes, from the president down to the 
humblest workman, was an agreeable surprise to him. 

Every object of interest and every place around which histori- 
cal recollections clung were visited. He rode in the Bois de 
Boulogne, scaled the heights of Montmartre. p J n M 

great boulevards, inspected the workings of the 
stood with bowed head over the tomb of the grt 
the dome of the Invaiides, and went almost e-^e 
theaters, not forgetting that monument of Fre 
New Opera House, on the splendid Avenue de lv < 

Visions of the horrible doings of the Commni 
at the sight of the blood-stained garments of Monseigneur Pat- 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 53 

boy, the heroic Archbishop of Paris, and the blackened ruins 
of the Tuileries, the Hotel-de-Ville, and the Corps Legislatif. 

From time to time sight-seeing was interrupted by the numer- 
ous attentions showered upon the general. On the 29th of Octo- 
ber he attended a reception given in his honor by General 
Noyes, in his magnificent mansion in the Avenue Josephine, 
where he met the most distinguished members of the American 
colony. 

Through the mediation of the American artist, Mr. Healey, 
the general had the pleasure of meeting the great French states- 
man, Gambetta. The impression the latter produced upon him 
was such that, in relating the details of the interview, the gen- 
eral added that he considered Gambetta to be the ablest man be 
had so far met with. 

On the 6th of November three hundred members of the Ameri- 
can Colony gave a dinner to General Grant at the Grand Hotel. 
Among those present were Emile de Girardin. the great French 
journalist, Edmond About, the novelist, Laboulaye, the political 
writer, the Marquis de Rochambeau, and Charles de Lafayette, 
a lineal descendant of the great friend of America in her hour 
of need. 

Then followed dinners at the Elysee and at the houses of Mrs. 
Mackav, wife of the bonanza king, and the Marquis de Talley- 
rand -Perigord, a grandson of the famous wit and diplomate. 

In this manner a month went by, and early in December the 
general left for the south of France. 

The government having placed the man-of-war Vandalia at 
the general's disposal, the whole party embarked on the 13th of 
December, 1877, for Italy, Egypt, and the Holy Land. 

The placing of the war-ship at the general's disposal was a 
neat compliment on the part of our government. 



CHAPTER XIII. 

At Naples— Ascent of Vesuvius— In Cairo— Received by the Khedive 
—Visit to Constantinople— Grant the Guest of the Sultan— In 
Holland— His Visit to Berlin— Meeting with Bismarck— Speech 
at Hamburg. 

On the 17th of December the Vandalia weighed anchor in the 
beautiful Bay of Naples. - ■■ : - _ • - " i 

General Grant found himself in the land " where the lemon 
trees bloom." 

With his usual promptitude he proceeded to see everything 
worth seeing. After doing Naples, he went to see the ruins of 
the buried cities of Herculaneum and Pompeii, and made the 
trq iitional ascent of Vesuvius. 

F~om N»»pkw the ship proceeded to Palermo, and from thence 
out m sea on^e Jiore. Land was not seen again until the 5th 
of January, 1878, when the gallant vessel steamed into Alexan- 
dria. Three days were spent in that historic city, and then the 
p-eneral proceeded to Cairo, where a palace had been put at his 
disposal by the khedive. The latter also gave a reception .in 



54 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

honor of the general, at which ail the prominent people in the 
Egyptian capital were present. 

Od the 16th of January the general again embarked, with the 
intention of visiting the cities and towns along the Nile After 
a pleasant trip through the land of fable aucl story, the 'general 
left for Constantinople, where he was received bv the sultan 
From Constantinople he went to Greece, and from" Greece back 
again to Italy. 

At Rome the general was received by the Pope, Leo XIII 
and by King Humbert. 

From Rome the general returned to Paris to take part in the 
ceremonies attending the opening of the exhibition 

After remaining a few weeks in the gay capital, he was once 
more en route, this time for Holland. 

The general was delighted with his visit to Holland, the pros- 
perity and freedom the people enjoyed impressing him greatly 
It was with deep regret that he tore himself away, but it had to 
be, for he was expected in Berlin. 

On the 26th of June he arrived in the German capital, and was 

££■&&? *£• late Bayard Taylor ' the tiL im - ic - 

The great event of this trip was the meeting between the gen- 

t^mV^Z^ a ^ ]l ^ Prince B ™ k > the f ™^ 

The general's hotel being but a few minutes' walk from Bis- 
marrks palace, he proceeded there on foot in the most demo- 
cratic way imaginable. Arriving at the entrance gate, he was 
bv Prfi ln R° a 8pa i Ci0u ? marble hal1 ' and was very soon joied 
'x. laimed: iai ' ' **° da8ped b ° th his hands and cordially 

" Welcome to Germany, general." 

"There is no incident in my German tour," the general renlied 
"more interesting to me than this meeting 'with fou prince " 
mnJS ?? remarkably young," said Prince Bismarck; "you 
must be at least twenty years vounger than I am 7" 
Not at all I," the general replied, " onlv seven." 
That returned the prince, "shows the value of a military 

like £ 'old onS™ aVG thG fmme ° f a y0llD ^ maD ' while X ^ 

ttS£riSi^2*S^K iD - the . cha » cell °^ ^udy, and after the 
"The ionprnl o T P T" nCe lnc !» ired about General Sheridan! 
1 h( funeral and I," said Bismarck. " were fellow cam- 
papers ,n France, and we became great friends " 

I have had letters from Sheridan recently " the eener-il 
replied, -and he writes me that he is feehngS well/ 
.Sheridan, said the prince, "seemed to ^^ of at 

" Yes," replied the general. "I regard Shi 
one of the great soldiers of our war. but one of 
01 I be world— as a man who is fit for the highe 
better general ever lived than Sheridan." 

I observed," said the prince, "that he h ' ' ' 

quick eye. On one occasion I remember the emperor ana nis 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 55 

staff took up a position to observe a battle. The emperor him- 
self was never near enough to the front, was always impatient 
to be as near the righting as possible. ' Well,' said Sheridan to 
me as we rode along, ' we shall never stay here; the enemy will 
in a short time make this so untenable that we shall all be leav- 
ing in a hurry. Then while the men are advancing they will 
see us retreating.' Sure enough in an hour or so the cannon 
shot began to plunge this way and that way, and we saw we 
must leave. It was difficult to remove the emperor, though; but 
we all had to go, and," said the prince, with a hearty laugh, 
" we went rapidly. Sheridan had seen it from the beginning. I 
wish I had so quick an eye." 

The Congress of Berlin being then in session, the general said 
he hoped there would be a peaceful result. 

" That is my hope and belief," said the prince. " That is all 
our interest in the matter. We have no business with the con- 
gress whatever, and are attending to the business of others by 
calling a congress* But Germany wants peace, and Europe 
wants peace, and all our labors are to that end. In the settle- 
ment of the questions arising out of the San Stefano treaty, 
Germany has no interest of a selfish character. I suppose," said 
the prince, "the whole situation may be summed up in this 
phrase: in making the treaty, Russia ate more than she could 
digest, and the main business of the congress is to relieve her. 
The war has been severe upon Russia, and of course she wants 
peace." 

"How long do you think the congress will sit?" asked the 
general. 

" I believe," replied the prince, " there will be seven or eight 
more sittings. I wish it were over," he added, " for Berlin is so 
warm, and I want to leave it. Besides, it keeps me so busy that 
I am unable to take you around and show Berlin to you." 

The emperor having been shot at and wounded while Gen- 
eral Grant was in Berlin, he was unable to see the warrior -king. 
Alluding to this fact, Prince Bismarck said: 

"His majesty has been expecting you, and evinces the great- 
est interest in your achievements, in the distinguished part you 
have played in the history of your country, and in your visit to 
Germany. He commands me to say that nothing but his doc- 
tor's orders that he shall see no one, prevents his seeing you." 

"I am sorry that I cannot have that honor," replied the 
general, " but I am far more sorry for the cause, and hope that 
the emperor is recovering." 

"All the indications are of the best," answered the prince, 
" for the emperor has a fine constitution and great courage and 
endurance, but you know he is a very old man." 

"That." <=«id the general, "adds to the horror one feels for 
the crime. 

"It is to strange, so strange and so sad," answered the prince, 
feelingly. "Here is au old man — one of the kindest old gentle- 
men ir the world — and yet they must try and shoot him! 
There never was a more simple, more genuine, more — what 
t' all x say— more humane character than the emperor's. He 



56 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

is totally unlike men who come into the world in his rank; bo v n 
princes are apt to think themselves of another race and an- 
other world. They are apt to take small account of the wishes 
and feelings of Others. All their education tends to deaden the 
human side. But this emperor is so much of a man in all 
things! He never did any one a wrong in his life. He never 
wounded any one's feelings; never imposed a hardship! He is 
the most genial and winning of men — thinking always, aux- 
ious always for the comfort and welfare of his people — of those 
around him. You cannot conceive of a finer type of the noble, 
courteous, charitable old gentleman, with every high quality of 
a prince, as well as every virtue of a man. I should have sup 
posed that the emperor could have walked alone all over the 
empire without harm, and yet they must try and shoot him. 
In some respects," added the prince after a pause, '"the em- 
peror resembles his ancestor, Frederick William, the father of 
Frederick the Great. The difference between the two is, that 
the old king would be severe and harsh at times to those around 
him, while the emperor is never harsh to any one. But the old 
king had so much simplicity of character, lived an austere life; 
had all the republican qualities. So with this king; he is so re- 
publican in all things that even the most extreme republican, 
if he did his character justice, would admire him." 

''The influence/' said General Grant, " which aimed at the 
emperor's life, was an influence that would destroy all govern- 
ment, all order, all society, republics and empires. In America, 
some of our people are, as I see from the papers, anxious about 
it. There is only one way to deal with it, and that is by the 
severest methods. I don't see why a man who commits a crime 
like this, a crime that not only aims at an old man's life, a 
ruler's life, but shocks the world, should not meet with the 
severest punishment. In fact," the general contiuued, ''al- 
though at home there is a strong sentiment against the death 
penalty, and it is a sentiment which one naturally respects, I am 
not sure but it should be made more severe rather than less 
severe. Something is due to the offended as well as the of- 
fender, especially where the offended is slain." 

4< That," said the prince, "is entirely my view. My convic- 
tions are so strong that I resigned the government of Alsace, 
because I was required to commute sentences of a capital nat- 
ure. I could not do it in justice to my conscience. You see, 
this kind old gentleman, the emperor whom these very people 
have tried to kill, is so gentle that he will never confirm a death 
sentence. Can you think of anything so strange as that a sov- 
ereign whose tenderness of heart has practically abolished the 
death punishment should be the victim of assassination, or at- 
tempted assassination? That is the fact. W 
agreed with the emperor on this poiut, and 
found that as chancellor I had to approve all 
the death sentence, I resigned. In Prussia th 
the Minister of Justice; in Alsace it devolved up 
the French say, that something was due to just 
like these are rampant they must be severely p 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GttAXT. 57 

" All you can do with such people," said the general, " is to 
kill them." 

" Precisely so," replied the prince. 

After chatting on various other topics, the prince said that 
the emperor regretted very much his inability to show General 
Grant a review in person, and that the crown prince would 
give him one. " But." said the prince, " the old gentleman is so 
much of a soldier, and so fond of his army, that nothing would 
give him more pleasure than to display it to so great a soldier 
as yourself." 

'•The truth is," said the general, smiling, "I am more of a 
farmer than a soldier. I take little or no interest in military 
affairs, and although I entered the army thirty -five years ago, 
and have been in two wars, in Mexico as a young lieutenant, 
and later in our civil war, I never went into the army without 
regret, and never retired without pleasure." 

" You are so happily placed," replied the prince, " in America 
that you need fear no wars. What always seemed so sad to me 
about your last great war was that you were fighting your own 
people. That is always so terrible in wars, so very hard." 

" But it had to be done," said the general. 

" Yes," said the prince, "you had to save the Union just as we 
had to save Germany." 

" Not only save the Union, but destroy slavery," 

"I suppose, however, the Union was the real sentiment, the 
dominant sentiment," said the prince. 

"In the beginning, yes," said the general; "but as soon as 
slavery fired upon the flag it was felt, we all felt, even those 
•who did not object to slaves, that slavery must be destroyed. 
"We felt that it was a stain to the Union that men should be 
bought and sold like cattle." 

"I had an old and good friend, an American, in Motley," said 
the prince, "who used to write me now and then. Well, when 
your war broke out, he wrote me. He said, ' I will make a 
prophecy, and please take this letter and put it in a tree or a 
box for ten years, then open it and see if I am not a prophet. I 
prophesy that when this war ends the Union will be established 
and we shall not lose a village or a hamlet.' This was Motley's 
prophecy," said the prince, "and it was true." 

"Yes," said the general, "it was true." 

"I suppose if you had had a large army at the beginning of 
the war it would have ended in a much shorter time?" 

" We might have had no war at all," said the general; "but 
we cannot tell. Our war had many strange features — there were 
many things which seemed odd enough at the time, but which 
now seem providential. If we had had a large regular army, as 
it was then constituted, it might have gone with the South. In 
fact, the Souinern feeling in the army among high officers was 
so strong tba'u when the war broke out the army dissolved. We 
bad no army then — we had to organize one. A great com- 
mander likp Sherman or Sheridan even then might have organ- 
ized an army and put down the rebellion in six months or a 
year, or at the furthest, two years. But that would have saved 



58 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

slavery, perhaps, and slaver}- meant the germs of new rebellion. 
There had to be an end of slavery. Then we were fighting an 
enemy with whom we could not make a peace. We had to de- 
stroy him. No consideration, no treaty was possible." 

" It was a long war," said the prince, "and a great work 
well done — and I suppose it means a long peace." 

" I believe so," said the general. 

This ended the conversation between the two great men. 
General Grant arose and said: 

*' Prince. I beg to renew the expression of my pleasure at hav- 
ing seen a man who is so well known and so highly esteemed 
in America." 

"General," replied the prince, " the pleasure and the honor 
are mine. Germany and America have always been in such 
friendly relationship that nothing delights us more than to meet 
Americans, and especiall\ T an American who has done so much 
for his country, and whose name is so much honored in Germany 
as your own." 

The prince and the general thereupon shook hands, and the 
general left pleased with the reception he had received, and 
greatly impressed with the ability of his host. 

The following day the review took place, and the soldierly 
bearing of the troops was freely remarked upon by the general. 

The general was attended by Major Igel, and in a discussion 
he had with that officer on the use of the bayonet and saber in 
modern warfare, the general said: 

"What I mean is this; anything that adds to the burdens 
carried by the soldier is a weakness to the army. Every ounce 
he carries should tell in his efficiency. The bayonet is heavy, 
and if it were removed, or if its weight in food or ammunition 
were added in its place, the army would be stronger. As 
for the bayonet as a weapon, if soldiers come near enough to use 
it, they can do as much good with the club -end of their mus- 
kets. The same is true as to sabers. I would take away the 
bayonet, and give the soldiers pistols in the place of sabers; a 
saber is always an awkward thing to carry."' 

Before leaving Berlin, the general was invited to dinner by 
Prince Bismarck. The invitation card was in German and the 
menu in French. The following is an exact copy of the menu: 

MENU: 

Lundi, le ler Juillet. 
Potage Mullagatawny. 
Pates a la Financiere. 
Tin-hot d'Ostende a l'Anglaise. 
Quartier de Boeuf a la Holsteinaise. 
Canetons aux ( Hives. 
■Ris de Veau a la Milanaise 
Punch Remain. 
Poulardes des Bruxelk 
Salades. ( 

Fonds d'Articliauts a la Ho 

Pain de Fraises a Chant ^ , . 

(daces. 
Dessert. 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 59 

From Berlin the General left for Hamburg, where he was the 
recipient of great favors at the hands of the citizens. The 
American colony, which is very large in that charming city, gave 
a banquet in his honor, and in response to the consul's toast, 
General Grant said : 

" Mr. Consul and Friends, — I am much obliged to you for the 
kind manner in which you drink my health. I share with you 
in all the pleasure and gratitude which Americans so far from 
home should feel on this anniversary. But I must dissent from 
one remark of our consul, to the effect that I saved the country 
during the recent war. If our country could be saved or ruined 
by the efforts of any one man, we should not have a country, 
and we should not be now celebrating our Fourth of July. 

" There are many men who would have done far better than 
I did under the circumstances in which I found myself during 
the war. If I had never held command; if I had fallen; if all 
our generals had fallen, there were ten thousand behind us 
who would have done our work just as well, who would have 
followed the contest to the end, and never surrendered the 
Union. Therefore it is a mistake and a reflection upon the 
people to attribute to me, or to any number of us who held high 
"commands, the salvation of the Union. We did our work as 
well as we could, and so did hundreds of thousands of others. 

" We deserve no credit for it, for we should have been 
unworthy of our country and of the American name if we had 
not made eve'ry sacrifice to save the Union. What saved the 
Union was the coming forward of the young men of the nation. 
They came from their homes and fields, as they did in the time 
of the Revolution, giving everything to the country. To their 
devotion we owe the salvation of the Union. The humblest 
soldier who earned a musket is entitled to as much credit for 
the results of the war as those who were in command. So long 
as our young men are animated by this spirit there will be no 
fear for the Union." 

On the morning of the 4th the general was serenaded at 'his 
hotel by the band of the 76th Hanseatic Infantry Regiment, 
which was in garrison at Hamburg. 

On the 6th he left for Copenhagen. 



CHAPTER XIV. 

In the Scandinavian Peninsula— Grant in Russia— Interview with the 
Czar— Through Austria and Spain— Grant in Dublin— Presented 
with the Freedom of the City— Off for India. 

A few days were given to Copenhagen, and then the general 
was off again to Stockholm, where he saw the relics of Gustavus 
Adolphus, the hero king of Sweden, who fell at Lutzen, and 
of the ill-fated warrior Charles XII., the Napoleon of the North. 

At the close of July the general again took ship for St. Peters- 
burg. 

After a pleasant voyage, the general arrived at his desti- 



60 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

nation, and was received at the landing-place by the Honorable 
E. W. Stoughton, the American Minister. 

On the 31st of July the general had an audience with the 
Emperor Alexander II., the latter little dreaming at the time 
of the horrible fate which was in store for him. 

At the close of the interview the emperor escorted his illus- 
trious guest to the door, saying: 

"Since the foundation of your government, relations be- 
tween Russia and America have been of the friendliest character, 
and as long as I live nothing shall be spared to continue this 
friendship." 

"Although the two governments," said the general, in his 
reply, " were very opposite in their character, the great majority 
of the American people were in sympathy with Russia, which 
good feeling he hoped would long continue." 

The Grand Duke Alexis also called upon the president, and re- 
called with much pleasure the reception he had received when 
he vias in America. He particularly inquired after Mrs. General 
Custer, and expressed the great sorrow he had felt when he 
heard of her husband's tragic death. 

From St. Petersburg the general went to Moscow, and thence 
through Poland to Vienna. 

On the evening of the 18th of August, the Austrian capital was 
reached, and the general was met at the depot by our minister, 
Mr. Kasson, and a number of Americans sojourning at the time 
in the city on the blue Danube. On the 20th the general had 
an audience with the Emperor Francis Joseph; and in the even- 
ing he dined with Count Andrassy, the Chancellor of the Austro- 
Hungarian Empire. 

After remaining a few days in Vienna, the general left for 
Munich, on his way to the south of France. 

It was the best time in the year to see the country, as the vint- 
age took place just then. 

From France, the general went to Spain, where he met King 
Alfonso, the Duke of Montpensier, and the great republican 
orator, Emilio Castelar. From Spain the general hurried north 
to London, and on the evening of the 2d of July, he crossed 
over from Holyhead to Dublin. 

In Dublin the general was presented with the freedom of the 
city, and in reply to the lord-mayor's address he said: 

" My Lord-Mayor, Gentlemen of the Town Council, Ladies and 
Gentlemen, — I feel very proud to be made a citizen of the great 
city which you represent, and to be a fellow-citizen with those I 
see around me to-day. Since my arrival on this side of the 
Atlantic I have had the pleasure of being made a citizen of 
quite a number of towns and cities, but nothing has given me 
more pleasure than to be made a citizen pf the prineippi oit^ ^ 
Ireland. 

"I am by birth a citizen of a c 
Irishmen, either native born or 1 
than there are in all Ireland. I h; 
and pleasure of representing more 
ants when in office than the Queen 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 61 

possessed of the eloquence of your lord -mayor, I shall say do 
more than simply thank you." 

After a pleasant tour through Ireland, the general returned to 
England, and after resting a week, he left for Marseilles, where 
he embarked, on the 24th of January, at noon, on the Labour- 
dounias, for India. 

On the 13th of February, Bombay was reached, and the 
Government House on Malabar Point was placed at his disposal. 

The general was cordially received by both the English and 
the natives, and when he left for Alfabad there was much 
regret. 

It had been arranged that he should be the guest of Sir George 
and Lady Confer, at Agra, which cut his stay at Allabad short. 

During the few days he spent there, however, he enjoyed him- 
self immensely, in spite of the tropical heat. The customs of 
the natives interested him greatly, and the novelty of the sceue 
was a pleasant surprise. 

From what he saw in India, its teeming population, its vast 
resources, its wonderful buildings, and the great extent of its 
territory, the general could very well understand the jealous 
care with which England guarded this diadem in her crown. 



CHAPTER XV. 

Receptions at Asrra, Delhi, Lucknow, Calcutta and Bombay— At Eurmah 
and Siam— Letter from the King of Siam— Speech by the King- 
Grant's Reply— Off for China. 

Leaving Aliabad, General Grant and his party next proceeded 
to Agra, making the tripon elephants, which was quite aunique 
way of traveling— at least for Americans. His entry into that 
town had all the appearance of a scene in a spectacular play. 
The mabarajah showed the travelers all the Oriental splendors 
of the town and then the trip through India was continued to 
Delhi and from thence to Lucknow 

Here, as well as in Calcutta, Bombay, and the other large cities 
in India. General Grant's reception by the native population, as 
also by the English residents, was of the most flattering nature. 

The stored treasures of that historic country were displayed to 
his gaze, and he was even permitted to look upon some of the 
secret ceremouies of the faiths peculiar to the inhabitants. 

From Calcutta General Grant left for Burmah on board the 
Simla. On the 19th of March he crossed the Bay of Bengal, and 
the next day at noon reached Rangoon, the principal business 
city of Burmah. There the time was spent very pleasantly. The 
trip was resumed through the Straits of Malacca, and on March 
28th the party came to Penang, which is at the western end of 
the straits. The day was passed here, and then the Simla, with 
its illustriou *cgcr, sailed to Malacca, and thence to Singa- 

pore. 

There the general had the pleasure of meeting iu the Ameri- 
can Con«u- a certain Major Struder, who had been a lieutenant 
under him at the battle of Shiloh, seventeen years previously. 
Little did either of them think, while they were facing the ene- 



62 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

my's bullets together, that the next time they should see each 
other would be thousands of miles away from the country they 
had so gallantly defended. 

The stay at Singapore was a succession of fetes and receptions 
given in Grant's honor, the most magnificent of which was that 
given by the Maharajah of Johore. At Singapore, General 
Grant received the following letter from the King of Siam, 
which was inclosed in a blue satin envelope: 

" The Grand Palace, Bangkok, Feb. 4, 1879. 

" My Dear SIR,— Having heard from my minister of foreign 
affairs, on the authority of the United States Consul, that you 
are expected in Singapore on your way to Bangkok, I beg to ex- 
press the pleasure I shall have in making your acquaintance. 
Possibly you may arrive in Bangkok during my absence at my 
couutiw residence, Bang Pa In, in which case a steamer will be 
placed at your disposal to bring you to me. On arrival, I beg 
you to communicate with his excellency, my minister of foreign 
affairs, who will arrange for your reception and. entertainment. 

" Very truly yours, 

" Chulahlongkorn, R. S. 

" To General Grant, late President of the United States." 

Such an invitation could not be declined, and accordingly on 
the 9th of April the voyageurs embarked on the steamer Kong- 
See, and sailing through "the Gulf of Siam reached Bangkok on 
the 15th. 

On landing, an aid of the king handed General Grant another 
letter, this time inclosed in yellow satin. It read: 

" The Grand Palace, Bangkok, April 11, 1879. 

" SIR,— I have very great pleasure in welcoming you to Siam. 
It is, I am informed, your pleasure that your reception should be 
a private one; but you must permit me to show, as far as I can, 
the high esteem in which I hold the most eminent citizen of 
the great nation which has been so friendly to Siam, and so kind 
and just in all its intercourse with the nations of the far East. 

"That you may be near me during your stay I have com- 
manded my brother, his Royal Highness, the Celestial Prince 
Bhanurangsi Swanguongse, to prepare rooms for you and your 
party in the Suranrom Palace, close to my palace, and I most 
cordially invite you, Mrs. Grant, and your party at once to take 
up your residence there, and my brother will represent me as 
your host. " Your friend, 

"Chulahlongkorn, R. S. 

"His Excellency General Grant, late President of the United 
States." 

During his whole stay in Bangkok, the general and his party 
occupied the beautiful palace which the hospitable kin • had 
placed at their disposal. There they r< 
the temples and the sacred white elep 
eral Grant paid his respects to the 1 
and on the next day the king return 
state to see the general at the palace 
garded in Siam as the highest honor w 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. <J3 

This great compliment was followed up on the next morning by 
a dinner to the guests at the king's palace. When the time came 
for the toasts, the king made an address of welcome, to which 
General Grant replied as follows: 

"Your Majesty, Ladies and Gentlemen— I am very much 
obliged to your majesty for the kind and complimentary manner 
in which you have welcomed me to Siam. I am glad that it 
has been my good fortune to visit this country and to thank 
your majesty in person for your letters inviting me to Siam, and 
to see with my own eyes your country and your people. 

" I feel that it would have been a misfortune if the pro- 
gramme of my journey had not included Siam. I have now 
been absent from home nearly two years, and during that time 
I have seen every capital and nearly every large city in Eu- 
rope, as well as the principal cities in India, Barman, and the 
Malay Peninsula. I have seen nothing that has interested me 
more than Siam, and every hour of my visit here has been agree- 
able and instructive. 

"For the welcome I have received from your majesty, the 
princes, aud members of the Siamese Government, and the peo- 
ple generally, I am very grateful. J accept it not as personal 
to myself alone, but as a mark of the friendship felt for my 
country by your majesty and the people of Siam. I am glad to 
see that feeling, because I believe that the best interests of the 
two countries can be benefited by nothing so much as the estab- 
lishment of the most cordial relations between them. 

11 On my return to America I shall do what I can to cement 
these relations. I hope that in America we shall see more of 
the Siamese, that we shall have embassies and diplomatic rela- 
tions, that our commerce and manufactures will increase with 
Siam, aud that your young men will visit our country and 
attend our colleges as they now go to colleges in Germany and 
England. I can assure them all a kind reception, and I feel that 
the visits would be interesting and advantageous. 

"I again thank your majesty for the splendid hospitality 
which has been shown to myself and my party, and I trust that 
your reign will be happy and prosperous, and that Siam will 
continue to advance in the arts of civilization. 

" I hope you will allow me to ask you to drink to the health 
of his majesty the King of Siam. I am honored by the oppor- 
tunity of proposing that toast in his own capital, in his .own 
palace, and of saying how much I have been impressed with his 
enlightened rule. I now ask you to drink the health of his maj- 
esty the king, and prosperity and peace to the people of Siam." 

General Grant being informed that the United States man- 
of-war Ashuelot, which was to take him on the rest of his 
tour, would soon arrive at Singapore, left Bangkok on the 17th, 
bidding farewell to the king, who had been the most generous 
and affable host he bad thus far met on his travels. From 
Packnam he sent the king the following dispatch: 

"On my departure from your territory allow me to renew 
my thanks for your many acts of courtesy during my brief visit 



64 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

to Siam. I shall ever remember it with pleasure, and enter- 
tain the hope that I may be able, at some day, to return it in 
part by receiving and entertaining in my own country some of 
those near and dear to you." 

The polite king responded as follows: 

" My dear General Grant, — I received your kind tele- 
gram on leaving Siam, and was very much pleased to hear 
that you were satisfied with your reception. Your reception 
was not all I could have wished for; I had not sufficient 
notice to enable me to prepare much that I desired to prepare, 
but the good-nature of your excellency and Mrs. Grant has 
made you excuse the deficiencies. 

" You will now pass on to wealthier cities and more powerful 
nations, but I depend on your not forgetting Siam, and from 
time to time I shall write to you and hope to receive a few 
words in return. 

"I shall certainly never forget the pleasure your visit has 
given me, and I shall highly prize the friendship thus inaugu- 
rated with your excellency and Mrs. Grant. 

'• I send my kind regards to Mr. Borie. wishing him long life, 
health and happiness, and with the same wish to yourself and 
Mrs. Grant and your family, I am. 

" Your faithful friend. 

" Chulahlongkorn, R. S." 

The interesting correspondence between General Grant and 
the king was closed wuh the following letter: 

" To his Majesty the King of Siam: 

" Dear Sir, — Just before leaving Hong Kon# for Shanghai I 
received your very welcome letter of the 20th of April, and 
avail myself of the first opportunity of replying. J can assure 
you that nothing more could have been done by your majesty 
and ail those about you to make the visit to myself and party 
pleasant and agreeable. 

" Every one of us will retain the most pleasant recollections of 
our visit to Siam, and of the cordial reception we received from 
yourself and all with whom we were thrown in contact. I shall 
always be glad to hear from you and to hear of the prosperitv 
and progress of the beautiful country over which you rule with 
so much justice and thought for the ruled. Mv partv are all 
well and join me in expression of highest regards for yourself 
and cabinet, and wishes for long life, health and happiness to 
all of you, and peace and prosperity for Siam. 

"Your friend. U. S. Grant." 

This letter is very characteristic of General Grant. He ad- 
dresses the king off-handedly as " dear sir," and concludes with 
" your friend," much in the same way as if he were writing to 
one who was not considered little less than a celestial being bv 
his subjects. It shows Grant's thorough democracy, and that 
in spite of the honors showered on him by emperors, kings and 
potentates he remained the simple, straightforward American 
citizen, whom no pomp or ceremony or "flummery of rank " 
could dazzle or bewilder. 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 65 

Politeness obliged him to endure a great deal of the display 
and fuss which seems a part of royal greetings, but it must 
have wearied him greatly, and, no doubt, he viewed much of 
what w T as merely show with a covert smile of pity or contempt. 
His sturdy democratic nature, reared amid simple republican 
surroundings, must have often revolted against the shams of 
rank and title which characterize the Old World, and must have 
imbued him with a greater love than ever for the free and inde- 
pendent form of government which it is our pride to possess. 

In view of all this, how silly and absurd are the slanders of 
Grant's malicious enemies, who raised the cry that he wished to 
become !a sort of Caesar and found an imperial dynasty! It 
needs no greater proof that all such ideas were foreign to his 
nature than the letter to the King of Siam, which we have 
quoted above. 

CHAPTER XVI. 

On Board the Ashuelot— At Hong Kong— Reception at Canton— The 

Viceroy's Proclamations— Speech at Macao— At Shanghai and 

Tientsin —Grant and His Party Transferred to the Richmond, which 

Sails for Japan. 

On his return to Singapore, General Grant found a telegram 

from Captain Benham, stating that the Ashuelot would not reach 

there until the 28th. Not wishing to wait for its arrival, he and 

his party started for Hong Kong on board the steamer Irrawaddy. 

They left Singapore on the 23d of April, arriviug at Saigon on 

the 27th. They stopped there only a few hours, when they put 

out to sea again, and on the 30th entered the harbor of Hong 

Kong where they found the Ashuelot awaiting their arrival. 

At Hong Kong, the first man to greet General Grant was 
the redoubtable guerrilla chief, Colonel John S. Mosby, who 
during the war had done his best to break up the Union, but 
was now enjoying the honors and receiving the emoluments of 
the position of American Consul at this port. The two men 
shook hands cordially and greeted each other as pleasantly as if 
they had never faced each other in hostile array. Colonel 
Mosby was willing enough to forget and General Grant gener- 
ous enough to forgive. 

The general stayed at Hong Kong until the 5th of May, being 
received with all due honors by the English officials and the 
native population. On that day he went on board the Ashue- 
lot, and proceeded to Canton. 

With leaving Hong Kong, he left behind him British rule in 
China. He was now to see the great empire under its native 
government. The Emperor of China had given orders to receive 
the distinguished guest with all the marks of attention due to so 
illustrious a personage. 

As the Ashuelot approached Canton, the Chinese gunboats in 
the harbor fired a salute. 

A boafc-load of mandarins, all arrayed in their official robes, 
came alongside the vessel and formally welcomed the general to 
China, No inhabitant of a western clime of so high a rank had 



66 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

ever before visited the Flowery Kingdom, and General Grant's 
coming created great excitement among all classes of the popu- 
lation. 

The viceroy of the province issued proclamations to the people 
ordering them to show every honor to the distinguished for- 
eigner, under penalty of severe punishment to any one who 
would show the slightest disrespect to the general. The follow- 
ing is a translation of one of the proclamations: 

" We have just heard that the King of America, being on 
friendly terms with China, will leave America early in the third 
month, bringing with him a suit of officers, etc., all complete on 
board the ship. It is said that he is bringing a large number of 
rare presents with him, and that he will be here in Canton about 
the 6th or 9th of Ma v. 

"He will land at the Fintay Ferry, and will proceed to the 
viceroy's palace bv way of the South Gate, the Fantai's Ugamun 
and the Waniug Street. Viceroy Kuu has arranged that all the 
mandarins shall be there to meet him, and a full court will be 
held. 

" After a little friendly conversation he will leave the viceroy s 
palace and visit the various objects of interest within and with- 
out the walls. He will then proceed to the Roman Catholic 
Cathedral, to converse and pass the night. It is not stated what 
will then take place, but notice will be given." 

The reception by the viceroy indicated in the above procla- 
mation took place at two o'clock of the day after the general's 
arrival. According to the custom of the country, the tourists 
were carried to the palace in sedan chairs, and probably two 
hundred thousand people lined the narrow streets to see the 
strange procession pass by. 

On reaching the palace, the viceroy was seen standing at the 
(lom. He welcomed the general in Oriental fasliion, and after 
having shown him the Eastern magnificence of the interior 
decorations of his home, offered him a cup of tea. 

The general remained in Canton until the 9th of May, and 
then set sail for Macao. Shortly after his departure, he received 
the following letter from the viceroy: 

" To His Excellency the late President: 

"It has been a high honor, and a source of the deepest satis- 
faction to myself, the high provincial authorities and the gentry 
and people of Canton, that your excellency, whom we have so 
long desired to see, has been so good as to come among us. 

" Upon learning from you of your early departure, while I 
dare not interfere to delay you, I had hoped, in company with 
my associates, to present my humble respects at the moment of 
your leaving. I refrain from doing so, in obedience to your 
command. 

" I have ventured to send a few trifles to your honored wife, 
which I hope she will be so kind as to accept. 

"I trust that you both will have a prosperous journey through- 
out all your way, and that you both may be granted many years 
mil I abundant good. Should I ever !.<■ honored by my sovereign 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 67 

with a mission abroad, it will be my most devout prayer and 
earnest desire that I may meet you again. 

" I respectfully wish you the 'fullness of peace. 

"LlA Kun." 

To this the general replied: 

" His Excellency the Viceroy of Kwangtung and Kwanghdi; 

"Dear Sir, — Before leaving Hong Kong for more extended 
visits through the Celestial Empire, I was placed in possession 
of your very welcome letter, giving expression to the best wishes 
of your excellency and of all the high officials in Canton for 
myself and mine. 

il Since then it has been my good fortune to visit Swatow and 
Amoy, both, I understand, under your excellency's government, 
and have received at each the same distinguished reception ac- 
corded at Canton. Myself and party will carry with us from 
China the most pleasant recollections of our visit to the country 
over which you preside, and of the hospitalities received at your 
hands. 

" Mrs. Grant desires to thank you especially for the beautiful 
specimens of Chinese work which you presented to her. AVith 
the best wishes of myself and party for your health, long life, 
and prosperity, and in hopes that we may meet again, 
"I am your friend, 

"U. S. Grant." 

After a short stay at the Portuguese settlement of Macao, 
during which the famous grotto of Camoens was inspected, 
General Grant returned to Hong Kong to be present at a dinner 
given iu his honor. In response to a toast proposed by Mr. 
Hennessv, the governor of the colony. General Grant said: 

"lam very grateful to you for your kind address, to which I 
would be happy to respond, but there is so much personal and 
flattering to myself that I find it impossible. 

" It is only a continuance of the kindness that I have received, 
not only in England but in India, in the British colonies; wher- 
ever, in fact, I have met Englishmen, I have met nothing but 
courtesy, hospitality, goodwill to myself and my country. As 
you have said, I am about to leave the British aud pass into the 
Chinese Empire. I have met no gentlemen so kind as the 
gentlemen of England. For their reception, more especially 
for their reception in Hong Kong, I am grateful, and I do not 
know that I can say anything which is nearer to my heart, now 
that I am leaving the British Empire, than to ask you all to 
unite in this sentiment: The perpetual friendship and alliance 
of the two great English-speaking nations of the world— England 
and America." 

On the Monday morning following, General Grant took leave 
of his generous hosts and embarked on board the Ashuelot for 
a cruise along the coast of China. On the 15th of May the 
vessel arrived at Swatow, where the general was received by our 
consul, Mr. Williams. An hour was spent in sight-seeing, and 
then the voyage was continued to Amoy, where the general was 



68 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

received by a salute fired from the American man-of-war, the 
Eanger, which happened then to be cruising in Chinese waters. 

A reception was given on board the Ranger, which was 
attended by all the dignitaries of the town, and, at dusk, the 
Ashuelot steamed to Shanghai, which port was reached on the 
17th of May, All the different men-of-war in the harbor fired 
salutes and manned the yards; the merchantmen at anchor 
were gayly decked in flags, and as the Ashuelot passed, the 
crews cheered. 

Mr. Little, the chairman of the municipal council, receive 3 the 
general, and welcomed him to Shanghai on behalf of the foreign 
community. The general, in his reply, said: 

" I am very much obliged to you for the hearty welcome 
which you have paid me, and I must say that I have been a 
little surprised, and agreeably surprised. I have now been a 
short time in the country of which Shanghai forms so important 
a part in a commercial way, and I have seen much to interest 
me and much to instruct me. I wish I had known ten years 
ago what I have lately learned. I hope to carry back to my 
country a report of all I have seen in this part of the world, for 
it will be of interest and, possibly, of great use. I thank you 
again for the hearty welcome you have given me." 

At the conclusion of the speech, the general was driven to the 
consulate, where he remained during his stay at Shanghai. The 
Monday evening following a grancl torchlight procession and 
illumination, which surpassed anything in the history of the 
city, were given in his honor. On the 23d of May, he attended 
the Chinese theater, and the next day he continued his voyage, 
stopping at Tientsin, where he met Li-Hung-Chang, the viceroy 
of the province and the greatest living Chinese statesman, who 
gave him a banquet which was attended by the full consular 
corps. In reply to the toast of the evening, General Grant said: 

"I am very much obliged to you for the welcome I have re- 
ceived in Tientsin, which is only a repetition of the kindness 
shown to me by the representatives of all nations since I came 
within the coasts of China. I am grateful to the viceroy for 
the special consideration I have received at his hands. His 
history as a soldier and statesman of the Chinese Empire has 
been known to me as it has been known to all at home who 
have followed Chinese affairs for a quarter of a century. 

"I am glad to meet one who has done such great service to 
his country. My visit to China has been full of interest. I 
have learned a great deal of the civilization, the manners, the 
achievements, and the industry of the Chinese people, and I 
shall leave the country with feelings of friendship toward them, 
and a desire that they may be brought into relations of the 
closest commercial alliance and intercourse with the other 
nations. 

" I trust that the viceroy will some time find it in his power 
to visit my country, when I shall be proud to return, so far as 
I can, the 'hospitality I have received from him. Again thank- 
ing your excellency for your reception, and you gentlemen of 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 69 

the consular corps for your kindness, I ask you to join me in a 
toast to the prosperity of China and the health of the viceroy." 

Two days after leaving Tientsin the tourists reached Pekn, 
the capital of China. There the general was received by Prince 
Kung, the regent and uncle of the emperor, who was then only 
seven years old. He remained two weeks at Pekin, passing a 
sort of life which must have seemed to him like a chapter out 
of the "Arabian Nights." He then returned to Tientsin, which 
he reached on the 12th of June, for the purpose of transferring 
himself and party on board the United States man-of-war Rich- 
mond, which was to take the voyagers to Japan, the Ashuelot 
remaining in the Chinese waters. 

On the 21st of June the vessel steamed into the Bay of 
Nagasaki, and General Grant for the first time caught a glimpse 
of Japan. 

CHAPTER XVII. 

In Japan— At Nagasaki— Yokohama— Tokio— Meeting the Mikado— At 
the Shrine of Nikko— Off for Home. 

A Japanese barge, having on board Prince Dati, Mr. Yoshida, 
and the governor, all in court uniforms, was seen coming from 
the shore. These officials were welcomed and escorted to the 
cabin. Prince Dati said he had been commanded by the mika- 
do to welcome General Grant on his landing in the name of his 
majesty. Prince Dati is one of the greatest noblemen in Japan, 
while Mr. Yoshida was the Japanese minister to this country 
during Grant's administration, and an old personal friend of the 
general. He had been telegraphed by the Japanese Government 
to come home on purpose to receive General Grant. He speaks 
English fluently. 

Escorted by these personages, General Grant made his entry 
into the town of Nagasaki. 

On the evening of the 23d he was given a dinner at the Govern- 
ment House, at which Mr. Bingham, the American Minister to 
Japan, was present. In replying to the toast of the Governor 
of Nagasaki, Utsumi Togatsu, General Grant said: 

"You have here to-night several Americans who have the 
talent of speech, and who could make an eloquent response to 
the address in which my health was proposed. I have no such 
gift, and I never lamented its absence more than now, when 
there is so much that I want to say about your country, your 
people, and your progress. 

" I have not been an inattentive observer of that progress, and 
in America we have been favored with accounts of it from my 
distinguished friend, whom you all know as the friend of Japan, 
and whom it was my privilege to send as minister— I mean 
Judge Bingham. The spirit which has actuated the mission 
of Judge Bingham— the spirit of sympathy, support", and concilia- 
tion—not only expressed my own sentiments, but tnose of 
America. 

"America has much to gain in the East— no nation has 
greater interests; but America has nothing to gain except what 



70 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

comes from the cheerful acquiescence of the Eastern people, 
and insures them as much benefit as it does us. I should be 
ashamed of my country if its relations with other nations, and 
especially with these ancient and most interesting empires of 
the East, were based upon any other idea. 

"We have rejoiced over your progress. We have watched 
you step by step. We have followed the unfolding of your old 
civilization and its absorbing the new. You have had our pro- 
found sympathy in that work, our sympathy in the troubles 
which came with it, and our friendship. I hope it may con- 
tinue, that it may long continue. 

"As I have said, America has great interests in the East. 
She is your next neighbor. She is more affected by the Eastern 
populations than any other power. She can never be insensible 
to what is doing here. Whatever her influence may be, I am 
proud to think that it has always been exerted in behalf of jus- 
tice and kindness. 

" No nation needs from the outside powers justice and kindne s 
more than Japan, because the work that has made such marvel- 
ous progress in the past few years is a work in which we are 
deeply concerned, in the success of which we see a new era in 
civilization, and which we should encourage. 

"I do not know, gentlemen, that I can say anything more 
than this in response to the kind words of the governor. Judge 
Bingham can speak with much more eloquence and much more 
authority as our minister, but 1 could not allow this occasion to 
pass without saying how deeply I sympathized with Japan in 
her efforts to advance, and how much those efforts were ap- 
preciated in America. In that spirit I ask you to unite with 
me in a sentiment: The prosperity and the independence of 
Japan." 

During his stay in Nagasaki, the general visited the Nagasaki 
Fair, which was held in the town park, and in deference to the 
governor's wishes, he planted a tree there. The governor in- 
formed him that the town of Nagasaki intended to erect a 
monument commemorating his visit, and that if the general 
would only write an inscription, it would be engraved in English 
and Japanese characters, on the stone. Accordingly, the geneial 
wrote the following: 

" Nagasaki, Jafak, June 22, 1870. 

" At the request of the governor, Utsumi Togatsu, Mrs. Grant 
and I have each planted a tree in the Nagasaki Park. I hope 
that both trees may prosper, grow large, live long, and in their 
growth, prosperity and long life be emblematic of the future of 
Japan. U. S. Grant." 

On the 26th of June, the general re-embarked on board the 
Richmond, and at five o'clock in the afternoon he arrived at 
Hiogo. 

A visit was paid to this interesting city, and the cleanliness 
of its streets much admired. At night thevoyage was proceeded 
with, and at ten the next morning, amid the booming of the 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 71 

guns of the American man-of-war, the Monongahela, Yoko- 
hama was reached. 

At noon, the general landed and was received by the highest 
dignitaries of the empire. Mr. I wakara, the second prime min- 
ister, advanced and shook hands with him. The general wae 
well acquainted with this official, having met him in Washing- 
ton, whither he had been sent on a mission during the general's 
administration. There were also Ito, Inomoto. and Tereshima, 
also members of the cabinet, two princes of the imperial family, 
and a retinue of officials. The general and party, together with 
the ministers and officials, drove to the railway station, where a 
special train was in waiting, and at a quarter past one, the party 
left for Tokio, the capital of Japan. 

After a ride of an hour through a smiling and cultivated 
country, Tokio was reached, and a carriage was found waiting 
at the station for the general, which conveyed him to the em- 
peror's summer palace, Enriokvvan, which had been prepared 
for his reception. 

On the afternoon of the 4th of July, he had an interview with 
the mikado. 

The mikado spoke to him for a few moments, and then one 
of his highness' ministers read an address to the general. In 
his reply General Grant said: 

"Your Majesty— I am very grateful for the welcome you 
accord me here to-day and for the great kindness with which I 
have been received ever since I came to Japan by your govern- 
ment and your people. I recognize in this a feeling of friend- 
ship toward my country. I can assure you that this feeling is 
reciprocated by the United States; that our people, without re- 
gard to party, take the deepest interest in all that concerns Japan, 
and have the warmest wishes for her welfare. I am happy to be 
able to express that sentiment. America is your next neighbor, 
and will always give Japan sympathy and support in her efforts 
to advance. I again thank your majesty for your hospitality, 
and wish you a long and happy reign and for your people pros- 
perity and independence." 

In the evening our national holiday was celebrated by the 
American colony by a gorgeous display of fireworks and illu- 
minations iu one of the summer gardens. General Grant arrived 
at the celebration at half -past eight, and was presented to the 
residents by Judge Bingham. 

The Japanese troops were reviewed by the general on the 7th 
of July. He was surprised at the wonderful advance which 
Japan had made in military tactics and in the armament and 
equipment of the native soldiers, which were patterned after the 
best European and American models. At the close of the re- 
view General Grant and party were taken to the Shila Palace, 
where they were entertained by the mikado. 

On the 17th of July General Grant left Tokio for a visit to the 
shrine and temple of Nikko, which city he reached at four o'clock 
of the same afternoon. He remained in Nikko ten days, enjoy 
ing the mountain scenery, visiting the waterfalls, strolling 



72 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

about the temple and looking at the tombs and monuments, 
especially the shrine of Iyeyas, one of the great names of Japan 
whose tomb makes Nikko a sacred spot. 

Many entertainments were given him. and one occasion the 
whole "town turned out in procession, carrying banners and tro- 
phies. He left Nikko on the 28th, and on the 31st, tired and 
worn'out with travel, he returned to his pleasant quarters at En- 
riokwan, the summer palace at Tokio. The climax of the fes- 
tivities in Japan was formed by a grand fete given him by the 
people of Tokio on the 25th of August. Hundreds of thousands 
lined the streets, all the public buildings and business houses 
were decorated and triumphal arches spanned the thoroughfares. 

On the 30th General Grant took farewell of the mikado. The 
ceremonies which took place at the palace were highly inter- 
esting. The general addressed his imperial highness as follows: 

" Your Majesty — I come to take my leave and to thank you, 
the officers of your government and the people of Japan, for the 
great hospitality and kindness I have received at the hands of 
all during my most pleasant visit to this country. I have now 
been two months in Tokio and the surrounding neighborhood 
and two previous weeks in the more southerly part of the 
country. 

"It affords me great satisfaction to say that during all this 
stay and all my visiting I have not witnessed one discourtesy 
to myself, nor a single unpleasant sight. Everywhere there 
seems to be the greatest contentment among the people, and 
while no signs of great industrial wealth exist, no absolute 
poverty is visible. This is in striking and pleasing contrast with 
almost every other country I have visited. 

" I leave Japan greatly impressed with the possibilities and 
probabilities of her future. She has a fertile soil, one half of it 
not vet cultivated to man's use; great, undeveloped mineral re- 
sources, numerous and fine harbors, an extensive sea-coast, the 
surrounding waters abounding in fish of an almost endless va- 
riety, and, above all, an industrious, ingenious, contented, and 
frugal population. 

** With all these, nothing is wanted to insure great progress, 
except wise direction by the government, peace at home and 
abroad, and non-interference in the internal and domestic affairs 
of the country by outside nations. It is the sincere desire of 
your guests to see Japan realize all possible strength and great- 
ness, to see her as independent of foreign rule or dictation as 
any western nation now is, and to see affairs so directed by her 
as to command the respect of the civilized world. 

" In saying this, I believe I reflect the sentiments of the great 
majority of my countrymeu. I now take my leave without ex- 
pectation of ever again having the opportunity of visiting Japan, 
but with the assurance that pleasant recollection of my present 
visit will not vanish while my life lasts. That your majesty may 
long reign over a prosperous and contented people, and enjoy 
every blessing, is my sincere prayer." 

To this the mikado replied: 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 73 

" Your visit has given us so much satisfaction and pleasure 
that we can only lament that the time for your departure has 
come. We regret also that the heat of the season has prevented 
several of your proposed visits to different places. In the mean- 
time, however, we have greatly enjoyed the pleasure of frequent 
interviews with you, and the cordial expressions which you 
have just addressed to us in taking your leave, have given us 
great additional satisfaction. 

"America and Japan, being near neighbors, separated by an 
ocean only, will become more and more closely connected with 
each other as time goes on. It is gratifying to feel assured that 
your visit to our empire, which enabled us to form very pleasant 
personal acquaintance with each other, will facilitate and 
strengthen the friendly relations that have heretofore happily 
existed between the two countries. 

" And now we cordially wish you a safe and pleasant voyage 
home, and that you will on your return rind your nation in 
peace and prosperity, and that you and your family may enjoy 
long life and happiness." 

General Grant had intended to depart the next day, but there 
were so many leave-takings to be gone through that it was not 
until Tuesday, the 2d of September, that he and his party started 
for home in the Pacific mail steamer City of Tokio. 



. CHAPTER XVIII. 

Across the Pacific— Welcome Home at San Francisco— Speech at Port- 
land—In Sacramento— Across the Continent— The Demonstration 
in Chicago— Grant's Longest Speech— Receptions in Louisville, 
Cincinnati, and Pittsburg— Arrival at Philadelphia— The Tour 
Around the World Completed— The Grand Army of the Republic 
Give a Monster Reception to Their Old Commander. 

The homeward trip across the Pacific was made in eighteen 
days. On the voyage the general passed the time in reading, 
occasionally joining briefly in social conversation with his fel- 
low-passengers. 

As soon as the City of Tokio was sighted in the harbor of San 
Francisco, steam-whistles were blown and cannons were fired. ! 
Thousands of men, women and children on foot, in carriages 
and on horseback, thronged Presidio Heights, Point Lobos and 
Telegraph Hill, eager to catch the first glimpse of the incoming 
ship. 

Between four and five o'clock, the reception committee, con- 
sisting of Frank M. Pixiey, Ex -Senator Cole, General Miller and 
P. B. Cornwall, started out in a tug to meet the steamer. No 
ceremony was observed, except a general shaking of hands, and 
the committee announced the object of their visit, and informed 
General Grant of the reception prepared for him. Shortly after 
six o'clock the City of Tokio glided into full view of the impa- 
tient crowds that covered the hilltops, and cheer after cheer 
burst from the assembled thousands as the vessel slowly rounded 
Telegraph Hill. The vicinity of the Ferry Landing was literally 



74 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

jammed with people for blocks, and near the landing line after 
line of troops and civic organizations was ranged. 

The general and his paity were transferred to the ferry steamer 
Oakland, and as she reached the dock the band struck up " Home 
Again," and amid cheers from the crowd, General Grant stepped 
once more upon the shore of his native land. As he came up 
the gangway escorted by the reception committee, he was met 
by Mayor Bryant, the supervisors, the governor and staff and 
the executive committee, and after brief informal congratula- 
tions, Mayor Bryant made a short speech of welcome, in reply to 
which General Grant said: 

" I accept with pleasure your invitation to become the guest 
of your citizens during my brief stay in San Francisco. It will 
afford me great pleasure to observe, after the lapse of a quarter 
of a century, the marvelous growth of your city, of which I have 
heard and read so much, and I have no doubt, that when I 
come to see for myself, I will find that I had but a faint idea 
of the changes and prosperity of your city. I again ask you to 
express to the citizens of San Francisco, my sincere appreciation 
of the compliment of the reception." 

The general was then escorted to a carriage, and, followed by 
an impromptu procession of thousands, taken to the Palace 
Hotel where there was an arch forty feet in height, blazoned with 
national colors and bearing the inscription, "Welcome to Grant." 
During the entire evening the hotel was besieged by enthusiastic 
thousands, and the general had to appear on the balcony twice 
and make short speeches. 

During General Grant's stay at San Francisco, he received in- 
vitations from almost all the principal cities throughout the 
United States, to visit them. 

Among the invitations he accepted was one to visit Oregon, 
where a public reception was given to him at Portland, on the 
15th of October. In response to the speech of welcome made by 
Judge Strong, in the presence of eight thousand persons, Gen- 
eral Grant said: 

"I am proud of the reception now tendered me, and of those 
which have been tendered at your hands. It is a pleasure to be 
back again near the place I enjoyed so much twenty-six years 
ago. 

" I am glad to note the evidences of your prosperity and I hope 
it is only a beginning of the great improvement in the near 
future. When I first came here, Oregon and Washington were 
one territory, small in population but large in area. Now, you 
have one prosperous state and a territory which I hope soon to 
see become a state. You have the soil and the climate to sup- 
port a population sufficient for many states. 

" In your remarks, you have alluded to the struggles of the 
past. I am glad that they are at an end. It never was a pleas- 
ure to me that they had a beginning. The result has left us a 
nation to be proud of, strong at home and respected abroad. 

"Our reputation has extended beyond the civilized nations; it 
has penetrated even the less civilized parts of the earth. In my 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 75 

travels I have noticed that foreign nations appeared to respect 
us more than we respect ourselves. I have noticed the grandeur 
at which we have been estimated by other powers, and their 
judgments should give us a higher estimate of our own great- 
ness. 

" They recognize that poverty, as they understand it, is not 
known with us, and the man of comparative affluence with them 
is sometimes no better clad or fed than our paupers. Nowhere 
are better elements of success than on the Pacific coast. Here 
those who fought on opposite sides during the war are now 
peacefully associated together in a country of whicn they all 
have the same right to be proud. I thank the people again 
through you, Judge Strong, for this reception." 

The general then returned to San Francisco, where he re- 
mained for a few days, and then left for Sacramento, arriving 
in the latter city on the 22d of October. 

It was about 1 P. M. wheu the train moved into the depot, 
where it was met by a vast concourse of people. 

Governor Irwin and Mayor Turner escorted General Grant to 
a carriage, which drove to the Capitol. There the general and 
his party alighted, and passing through the ranks of three 
thousand school children, ascended the stand which had been 
temporarily erected in front of the main entrance. 

The Hou. Henry Edgerton delivered an address of welcome, 
to which General Grant replied: 

" If I was ever accustomed to speaking, it would be impossi- 
ble for me to respond to the welcome which I have just received. 
My modesty would not allow me to say even what I should like 
to. With all my heart I thank you and I thank the citizens of 
Sacramento and California, for the welcome that I have re- 
ceived in every place that I have been in, since my arrival on 
your coast. 

" I have traveled some on this coast, and every place where I 
have been I have met with the same hearty reception. I can 
repeat to you what I have said in other places: that of all the hos- 
pitality bestowed, all the honors conferred, there is nothiug tuat 
has been so grateful to my heart as the reception I have received 
at the hands of the people here. 

" I would not say what has been done abroad. It has been all 
that could be done for me. It has been for the people I see be- 
fore me, for the people of this great country, that is recognized 
abroad as one of the greatest countries in the world. If we all. 
every one of us, could see other countries, as I have seen them, 
we would all make better citizens, or at least the average of 
the citizeus would be better. It is impossible for me to say 
more, but I thank you again." 

At the conclusion of his remarks the general and party were 
conducted to the Golden Engle Hotel. The demonstration in 
the evening surpassed in enthusiasm and in the numbers present, 
the display during the day. Long before the hour for the re- 
ception arrived the Capitol grounds w T ere packed with people, 
not less than 20,000 being present. The Capitol was brilliautly 



76 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

illuminated and the grounds were lighted up with Chinese lan- 
terns and calcium lights. 

At eight o'clock General Grant left the Golden Eagle Hotel; 
the route to the Capitol was lighted with colored lights and fire- 
works. 

There was a brilliant display of fireworks as General Grant 

reached the Capitol, and after viewing the display for a. time 

from a window, he took up a position in the assembly chamber 

in front of the speaker's desk, attended by Governor Irwin an r l 

>r gentlemen. The great doors of the Capitol were then 

>wn open and the crowd passing up-stairs, filed by the gen 

, paying their respects to him. 

1 the next day the general proceeded to Pioneer Hall, 
re he was presented with a certificate of membership in the 
amento Society of Pioneers. Holding the certificate in his 
1, the general said: 

Pioneers, — I am happy to become a member of your society. 
ve been elected an honorary member of the Pioneer Asso- 
on of San Francisco, but am more greatly pleased to become 
3tive member of the Sacramento Association of California 
eers. 

had thought that I was not eligible to active membership 
le Pioneer Associations, but having fought in the war 
h made California a state, prior to the advent of the gold- 
?rs, I suppose you take that as entitling me to a place on 
roll. I am proud of California and Calif or nians. I appre- 
to the fullest extent my reception in your state, and feel 
grateful for the honor accorded me in electing me a mem- 
f your society. 

have heard of California everywhere in my travels abroad, 

net many citizens of your state, but wherever I have been, I 

never yet heard a Californian speak in aught but praise- 

»-ay terms of hi? home. Again, gentlemen, I thank you for 

the honor conferred upon me." 

The general returned to San Francisco the same evening, and 
on the 25th of October left for the East by way of Virginia 
City, reaching Chicago November 12th, where he was received 
with a demonstration unparalleled in the annals of that city. 

The formal welcome was held in the rotunda of the Palmer 
House. Mayor Harrison made the principal address, to which 
General Grant replied as follows; 

" I feel very much honored by the welcome which I am re- 
ceiving at your hands to-day. I feel highly honored by the 
pledge of welcome which has been uttered by 3 T our worthy mayor, 
which is something so personal to myself it would be hardly in 
good taste for me to respond to the language of it, and it 
leaves, therefore, nothing for me to do, but to convey my thanks 
to this committee of citizens of this city for the hearty recep- 
tion which they have given me. 

"To one allusion of my reception abroad: I will say that in 
every case I felt that it was a tribute to our own country. 
I will add further that our country stands differently abroad in 
the estimation of European and Eastern nations from what it 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 77 

did a quarter of a century ago. At that time it was believed 
we had no nation; it was merely a confederation of states 
tied together by a rope of sand and would give way upon the 
slightest friction. They have found it was a graud mistake. 
They know that we have now a nation; that we are a nation of 
strong, intelligent and brave people, capable of judging and 
knowing our rights, and determined on all occasions to main- 
tain them against either a domestic or foreign foe. And that is 
the reception you as a nation have received through me, while I 
was abroad." 

A peculiar feature of this reception was the sending out of 
invitations to prominent ex-Confederates, asking them to be 
present and join in the welcome to the great military hero of 
the North. It was intended that the affair should be a sort of 
love-feast, at which the Blue and the Gray should participate, 
forgetting their past difference, and making pledges of future 
and permanent friendship. The result of these invitations was 
rather characteristic. No prominent Southerner was present in 
person, though most of them, including Alexander H. Stephens 
and General Longstreet, sent congratulatory replies. Senator 
Wade Hampton declined to respond, and Robert Toombs, who 
seems to be the one man who cannot forget the past, sent the 
following from Atlanta, Georgia: 

" I decline to answer except to say, present my personal con- 
gratulations to General Grant on his safe arrival to his coun- 
try. He fought for his country honorably and won. I fought 
for mine and lost. I am ready to try it over again. Death to 
the Union." 

In the evening the general attended the banquet of the Army 
of the Tennessee, at the Palmer House, at which were present 
Governor Collom, Generals Sherman, Sheridan and Gresham, 
Major Harrison and many other distinguished persons. In re- 
sponse to loud calls for a speech, General Grant delivered the 
longest and most brilliant effort of his life. He said: 

"After an absence of several years from the gatherings of 
the Society of the Army of the Tennessee it affords me heart- 
felt pleasure to be again with you— my earliest comrades in 
arms in the great conflict for the nationality and union of all 
the states under one free and always to be maintained govern- 
ment. "In my long absence from the country, I have had a 
most favorable opportunity for comparing in my own mind our 
institutions with those of all European countries and most of 
those of Asia; comparing our resources, developed and dormant, 
the capacity and energy of our people for upholding the gov- 
ernment and developing its resources, with most of the civilized 
peoples of the world. 

" Everywhere, from England to Japan, from Russia to Spain 
and Portugal, we are understood, our resources highly appreci- 
ated, and the skill, energy and intelligence of the citizens rec- 
ognized. My receptions have been your receptions. They have 
been everywhere kind, and an acknowledgment that the United 
States is a nation, a strong, independent and free nation, com- 



78 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

posed of strong, brave and intelligent people, capable of judging 
of their rights and ready to maintain them at all hazards. 

"This is a non-partisan association, but composed of men 
who are united in a determination that no foe, domestic or for- 
eign, shall interfere between us and the maintenance of our 
grand, free and enlightened institutions and the unity of all the 
states. The area of our country, its fertility, the energy and 
resources of our population, compared to the area, postpones 
the day for generations to come when our descendants will have 
to consider the question of how the soil is to support them,, 
how the most can be produced to support human life, without 
reference to the taste or desires of the people, and when but few 
can exercise the privilege of the plain luxury of selecting the ar- 
ticles of food they will eat, and the quantity and quality of 
clothing they wear. But it w^ill remain the abundant home of 
all who possess energy and strength, and make good use of 
them. 

" Such a country is one to be proud of. I am proud of it, 
proud that I am an American citizen. Every citizen — North, 
South, East and West — enjoys a common heritage, and should 
feel an equal pride. I am glad these society meetings keep up 
so long after the events which in a sense they commemorate 
have passed away. 

" They do not serve to keep up sectional feeling or bitterness 
toward our late foe, but they do keep up the feeling that we 
are a nation and that it must be preserved, one and indi- 
visible. We feel and maintain that those who fought, and fought 
bravely, on the opposite side from us have equal claim with 
ourselves in all the blessings in our great and common country. 

"We claim for them the right to travel all over this broad 
land and select where they please to settle, become citizens 
and enjoy their political and religious couvictions free from 
molestation or ostracism either on account of them or con- 
nection with the past. We ask nothing more for ourselves, 
and would rejoice to see them become powerful rivals in the 
development of our great resources, in the acquisition of all 
that should be desirable in this life, and in patriotism and in 
love of couutry." 

General Grant remained in Chicago until December J)th. On 
the 7th, the series of entertainments given m his honor, had 
closed with a banquet by the Commercial Club. From Chicago 
he went to Louisville, where he was received by Governor Black- 
burn, and the Honorable Henry Watterson, at whose house he 
stayed. A reception was given to him at the court-house. At 
night he reviewed a procession of fifty thousand, and on the 
next morning left for Cincinnati. 

At the Queen City, a grand banquet was tendered him, at 
which Governor Bishop, Murat Halstead, Honorable Alphonso 
Taft, and Honorable William S. Groesbeck were among the 
distinguished guests present. He remained here only one day, 
and then proceeded to Columbus, arriving there on December 
12th. A feature of the Columbus welcome was the singing 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 79 

of the "Star Spangled Banner" by eight thousand school- 
children. 

At, Pittsburg, he received another ovation, and finally, on the 
16th of December, he arrived at Philadelphia, the place from 
which he had started, thus completing his tour around the 
world in two years and seven months. 

His reception at Philadelphia was made the occasion of a 
spectacle which far surpassed any similar expression of popular 
rejoicing in this country. The arrangements had been admi- 
rably planned, and were carried out without a hitch or hind- 
rance. The city was most profusely decorated, and fair weather 
only added to the immense crowds which almost blockaded the 
streets through which the procession passed. This, which oc- 
cupied six hours in passing a given point, was composed of 
military, civic societies, and representatives of many branches of 
industry, arranged in twenty divisions. 

The train bearing the returned tourists arrived at Germantown 
Junction at 9.20 a. m. Major Stokely and the officers of the 
committee of reception entered General Grant's car, and, after 
informally greeting him, led the party to a handsome barouche 
drawn by four blooded bays, which drove to Broad Street, where 
the vehicle stopped. At 10.28, two minutes before the fixed hour, 
a battery, which had been stationed on the heights near by, 
thundered forth a salute of twenty-one guns, and the head of 
the procession began to move. 

It was after three o'clock before the general's carriage reached 
the Union League's club-house. General Grant alighted, and 
stood on an improvised platform, from which he reviewed 
the procession. After the dismissal of the parade he went to 
the residence of Mr. George W. Chiids, where he dined with a 
number of the members of his old cabinet. Among those pres- 
ent were General W. T. Sherman, Honorable Hamilton Fish, 
and Honorable Edwards Pierrepont. 

After a serenade in the evening the general attended a recep- 
tion at the Academy of Fine Arts. The next day he was re- 
ceived by the Carpenters' Company, of Philadelphia, which 
presented him with an engrossed address, inclosed in a mag- 
nificent frame of carved gilding and royal purple velvet, after 
which he held a public reception at Independence Hall. 

On the third day of his stay at Philadelphia took place the 
monster reception by the Grand Army of the Republic, at the 
Academy of Music. This was the greatest outpouring of his 
former comrades in arms eager to testify their love and admira- 
tion of their old commander which he had ever yet met with. 

The vast auditorium was crammed from stage to dome with 
veteran soldiers in military caps and wearing badges of captured 
cannon metal. The front of the stage was flanked on either side 
by a Parrott gun surrounded by a state flag and two stacks ot 
muskets with a drum slung between them. In the extreme rear, 
in the midst of a mimic forest, was a camp scene with three tents, 
the guards being cadets of the Lincoln Institute for Soldiers 
Orphans. At the right was stationed a facsimile of General 
Grant's headquarters at City Point. From above hung down a 



80 LlEE AND MEMOIRS Of 

monster representation of the Grand Army badge. The boxes 
were handsomely draped with tri-colored bunting, festoons of 
laurel leaves and army corps badges. 

The general arrived at the Academy about 8 o'clock P. M., es- 
corted by about fifty comrades, each carrying a tattered battle- 
flag. As he entered he was greeted with tremendous applause. 
The immense audience arose as one man to their feet, and waved 
hats, canes and handkerchiefs and cheered until hoarse. Gen- 
eral Grant silently bowed his thanks. When order had been 
partially restored, Governor Hoyt advanced to the platform and 
delivered the address of welcome. 

Id reply General Grant said: 

" Governor Hoyt and Comrades of the Grand Army of the 
Republic — It is a matter of very deep regret with me that I did 
not provide something to say to you respecting the welcome I 
received at your hands this evening, but really since I arrived 
here I have not had time, and before that I had not given it a 
thought. I can say to you all that during the two years and 
seven months since I left your city to circuit the globe, I have 
visited every capital in Europe and most of the Eastern nations. 

" There has not been a country that I visited in that circuit 
where I did not find some of our numbers. In crossing our own 
land from the Pacific to the Atlantic scarcely a settlement, 
scarcely a cattle ranch, scarcely a collection of pioneers did I see 
that was not composed almost entirely of veterans of the late 
war. It called to my mind the fact that while wars are to be 
deplored and unjust wars are alwa.ys to be avoided, they are not 
always attended with unmixed evil. 

"The boy who is brought up in his country home, or in his 
city home, without any exciting cause to quicken his wits, is 
apt to remain there, following the pursuits of his parents and 
never getting beyond them, in many cases never getting up to 
them. But wheu carried away by a great struggle in which so 
much principle is involved, as was the case in our late conflict, 
it brings to him a wider view than that of his home, and 
though his affections belong to the home which he has left 
behind him, he finds only disappointment on his return and 
strikes out for new fields and develops and prepares new do- 
mains for us and for thousands who will follow us. 

" Our ex-soldiers are not only becoming the pioneers of this 
land, but they are extending its commerce aud the knowledge 
of their country in other lands, and when a brighter day shall 
dawn for those countries in the East, America will step in and 
share in their commerce. And all this is being brought about 
by the exertions of the veteran soldiers, I might say of the vet- 
erans of the Grand Army of the Republic. 

"Comrades, having been compelled as often as I have since 
my arrival in San Francisco to utter a few words, not only to 
ex-soldiers, but to other classes, always speaking without prep- 
aration, I was of necessity forced to repeat not the same words, 
perhaps, but the same idea. What I want to impress upon you 
is that you have a country to be proud of, a country to fight for, 
and a country to die for, if need be. 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 81 

" While* many of the countries in Europe give practical pro- 
tection and freedom to their citizens, yet no European country 
compares in the liberty which it affords to particular individuals 
with our own. In no country is the young and energetic man 
given such a chance by industry and frugality to acquire a com- 
petence for himself and his family as in America. Abroad it is 
often difficult for the poor man to make his way at all. All 
that is necessary is to know this in order that we may become 
better citizens. 

'• Comrades, I thank you for your welcome, and regret that I 
am not better prepared to say what I would like to say." 

Other speeches followed without the slightest intermission 
until nearly midnight. Then the general, re-entering his car- 
riage, and escorted as when he came to the meeting, with the 
accompaniment of stirring music of fife and drum, of the 
flashing torches of the guard of honor, of tattered battle-flags, 
of the burning of a profusion of green and red lights, of the 
enthusiastic shouts of the populace, who packed the sidewalk 
and windows along the entire route, and of the splendidly dec- 
orated houses on all sides, passed in triumphal procession to 
his hotel, which he entered, followed by a cheer that must have 
been heard miles away. Certainly no more memorable day than 
that Grand Army day in Philadelphia occurred during his prog- 
ress around the world. 

Though receptions followed in other cities, none could equal 
this welcome of the men who had fought under his command, 
and who were nearest to his heart, as he was inshrined in 
theirs. It was a fitting apotheosis to a tour around the world 
such as no person, be he the greatest sovereign who ever 
lived, before General Grant, had ever made. It marks a dis- 
tinct epoch, not only in his own life, but in the annals of every 
country, every nation, and e\ery city he visited. 



CHAPTER XIX. 

Grant's Trip Through the Southern States— His Visits to Cuba and 
Mexico— The Third-Term Movement— The Gallant 306— " The 
Old Guard Dies, but Never Surrenders " —The Grant Fund- 
Accident to General Grant— The Story of the Grant & Ward 
Failure— Grant and Vanderbiit— Passage of the Pension Bill. 

The main points of interest in the history of General Grant's 
life during the year 1880 are his trips through the Southern 
States, to Cuba and Mexico, and the effort made on the part of 
some of his friends to have him nominated for a third term to 
the presidencv. 

His tour through ihe Southern States was of great importance 
to the welfare of the country at large, for it did more than any 
efforts heretofore made to conciliate the South, and to draw it 
into closer union with the rest of the country. 

Every where the general was received with the greatest enthu- 
siasm, and many who had been his bitterest foes during the 



82 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

war, gave him their personal assurance that nothing could ever 
induce them to again take up arms against their country. 

His visits to Cuba and Mexico were prompted by a desire to 
see established closer commercial relations between those couu 
tries and our own. His tour around the world had broadened 
his views, and shown him how necessary it was for the pros- 
perity of this country to secure the greatest facilities possible for 
getting rid of our surplus products. To this end, treaties with 
foreign countries were of great importance, more especially 
with our next-door neighbors, Cuba and Mexico. 

Though not traveling in any official capacity, no American 
citizen carried more weight in himself, or had such personal 
influence, and it is due to General Grant that we now enjoy 
a very advantageous commercial treaty, favoring us before all 
other foreign nations, with Mexico, and are about to have a 
similar one with Spain regarding Cuba. 

It is fair to state that General Grant neither desired nor 
sought a nomination for a third term at the hands of the Repub- 
lican National Convention, which met at Chicago during the 
month of June, 1880. No man has more respect for the unwrit- 
ten law laid down by Washington, declaring a third term in the 
presidential chair inimical to the best interests of the Republic. 
It is more than probable that had General Grant been nominated, 

*u\i 3 honor sought to be thrust 

upulous one, and the men 
ivorably known to have the 
iving acted with any selfish 
oary enthusiasm which had 

n . home from his tour around 

the world, undoubtedly proved the fact that he was the most 
popular man in the United States, and that no single man of any 
prominence in the Republican party held the affection of the 
masses to so high a degree as he. 

This fact naturally turned the attention of the leaders of that 
party to General Grant as the most fitting candidate for the 
highest office in the gift of the people, and the one most sure to 
be elected. They were fearful of consulting him beforehand, 
they dreaded to allow him an opportunity of declining to be a 
candidate before the convention, and flattered themselves with 
the hope that if he were nominated, even against his will, they 
might be able to induce him to remaiu in the field. 

Such a firm hold did this delusion have on them, that for 36 
ballots in the convention, 306 of the delegates cast their votes 
for General Grant, and even on the decisive ballot, when General 
Garfield was nominated, refused to make the vote unanimous, 
exclaiming:: "The old guard dies, but never surrenders." 

The steadfastness with which that band of three hundred and 
six had clung to their champion was subsequently commemo- 
rated by the striking off of medals which were distributed to 
each one. 

On his return from Mexico General Grant determined to make 
New York City his permanent residence. His many years of 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 83 

service for his country had brought him fame enough, but no 
fortune, and the small competence that he did possess had been 
much infringed upon by the expenses incurred during his tour 
around the world. The man who had given all his energy and 
the best years of his life to preserve the nation, and to make it 
what it had become, had actually no home he could call his own. 

The brown-stone mansion in* Sixty-sixth Street, near Fifth 
Avenue, in the city of New York, was purchased by General 
Grant's friends and presented to his wife. It was valued at 
$100,000, but there was a mortgage on it of $60,000. The full 
amount was raised and $40,000 paid dowu on the delivery of 
the deed, the remainder being placed to Mrs. Grant's credit in 
the bank. She made repeated efforts to raise the incumbrance, 
but as it had a long term of years to run, the holder of the 
mortgage would not discharge it. 

When the firm of Grant & Ward, to which we shall subse- 
quently refer, was started, Mrs. Grant transferred her account 
to the house, and with it the $60,000 to pay off the mortgage on 
their home. 

As is known, the firm later on failed, and the $60,000 went in 
the crash. The holder of the mortgage has since acquired pos- 
session of the property, as the family could not afford to con- 
tinue their ownership of it. 

On January 11th, 1881, Senator Logan, of Illinois, introduced a 
bill in the senate to place General Grant on the retired list with 
the rank and full pay of a general of the army. For certain 
political reasons this bill did not pass at that session and friends 
of the general voluntarily raised a fund of $250,000, the interest 
of which, amounting to $15,000 per annum, he was to have the 
use of during his life; the capital he could dispose of by will. 

This fund was in no sense of the word a charitable gift, but 
merely a just recognition of the invaluable services he had ren- 
dered to his country. Though all of the contributors to the fund 
were warm personal friends of the general, he had solicited 
nothing from them, had thrown out no hint or suggestion that 
be in any wise needed the gift. He was entirely ignorant of 
its being raised until it was formally presented to him. and it 
was only after a great deal of persuasion that he was induced to 
accept it. Among the principal contributors to the fund and 
the amounts of their subscription were: J. W Mackay. $25,000; 
Jav Gould, $25,0u0; W. H. Vanderbilt. $25,000: John M. Forbes, 
of Boston, $10,000; D. O. Mills. $5,000; Sidney Dillon. $5,000; 
Thomas Barbour, $5,000: Oliver Hoyt. $5,000: ex-Governor Le- 
land Stanford, $5,000; Frank Work, $5,000; and John Jacob 
Astor, $5,000. 

For the rest of that year and the next General Grant led a very 
retired life. On the 11th of May, 1883, General Grant suffered 
the loss of his mother, who died at the ripe age of eighty-four 
years, at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Corbin, at Jersey 
City Heights. Heaven had permitted her to live long enough to 
see honors showered ou her son such as no mother had ever 
witnessed before. 

On December 24tb, of that year, a very serious accident befell 



84 LIFE AND MEMOIRS OF 

General Grant. In the evening he left his residence for the pur- 
pose of paying a visit. The night was rainy and disagreeable, 
and the sidewalk very slippery with ice and snow. General 
Grant passed down the steps and crossed to the curb where 
his carriage was waiting, but just as he was about entering the 
vehicle he slipped and fell. His body struck the sharp edge of 
the curb, severely bruising his side, and the weight of the fall 
caused serious injury to the thigh, which deprived him of all 
power to rise. The accident confined him to his bed for several 
weeks, and it was some months before he could leave his resi- 
dence again. 

The year 1884 was destined to be the saddest year of General 
Grant's life. On May the 6th the firm of Grant & Ward closed 
its doors, and as was subsequently ascertained, $14,000,000 were 
swept away in the crash, and with it the whole of General 
Grant's fortune. 

The history of this failure has not yet been made public in all 
its details, and the facts that are known are of too recent 
occurrence to require us to dwell long on this painful subject. 
General Grant was getting old in years. More than a quarter 
of a century had elapsed since the 22d of August, 1848, when he 
led Miss Julia Dent, the pretty daughter of Colonel Dent, of St. 
Louis, to the altar. The union had beeu blessed with four 
children, three sons and a daughter. Mrs. Sartoris— the nation's 
Nellie — had been happily provided for, and her marriage at the 
White House will ever be remembered as one of the brightest 
episodes of General Grant's administration. But the general 
wished also to see his three sons well established in business, and 
he had hoped and believed that this was done when, in the sum- 
mer of 1880, they became the partners of Mr. Ferdinand Ward in 
the banking and brokerage business. 

The firm started out with great brilliancy, and by a number of 
apparently successful operations, Mr. Ward achieved the cog- 
nomen of the " Young Napoleon of Finance." Mr. James D. 
Fish, President of the Marine National Bank, shortly after be- 
came a partner, and in November of the same year General 
Grant himself asked to be admitted to the firm. Neither the 
general nor his sons had had any experience in financial affairs, and 
trusted entirely to the honor and integrity of Mr. Fish and Mr. 
Ward. It now appears evident that the two latter carried on a 
number of real estate and other speculations, without the 
knowledge of the other members of the firm, and used for this 
purpose the moneys and credits of the firm, and of the Marine 
National Bank. 

The imaginary profits dwindled away into nothing; the deposit* 
of trusting creditors were used to avert the inevitable, and on 
the Saturday previous to the failure the newscameto the general 
like a thunderclap, that unless a very large sum of money could 
be immediately raised, he and his family would be ruined. 

We will not attempt to picture the horror of the old warrior, 
who for sixty -two years of his life had borne his good name 
without a stain or reproach upon it, and who now felt that, how- 
ever innocent, he would be made the target of the arrows of in- 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 85 

dignation and reproach, which would be hurled from all sides 
as soon as the terrible calamity should have happened. All 
night long he kept considering some plan of. escape, and on the 
next day, as a last resource, aud with but little hope in bis 
heart, visited the residence of Mr. W. H. Vanderbilt, and asked 
that millionaire to lend him $150,000 on his personal check. 

It is true Mr. Vanderbilt at once gave him the required sum, 
and the monev was deposited in the Mariue National Bank to 
the credit of the firm of Grant & Ward. But this was a mere 
drop in the bucket. It could not ward off the inevitable. On 
the fatal Tuesday the Marine National Bank closed its doors, 
and a few moments later the firm of Grant & Ward announced 
its inability to pay its debts. 

The outburst of indignation which General Grant feared would 
be directed against him did arise, but only to change into a 
great wave of svmpathv for him and his as soon as it was ascer- 
tained how wofullv his confidence had been misplaced and 
abused and to what a wretched strait he and his family had 
been reduced. 

Everything that an upright, conscientious man can do toward 
satisfying his creditors has been done by the general: and his 
family, his respected wife, and his sons and their wives, have 
nobly aided him in these efforts. 

His debt to Mr. Vanderbilt weighed especially on his mind, 
and he would not rest satisfied until he had been permitted to 
confess judgment for the amount, and almost begged Mr. Van- 
derbilt to put the judgment into execution. The millionaire 
would, of course, under no circumstances have troubled Gen- 
eral Grant about the money, but to satisfy the general he made 
a levy on the personal property, including the valuable gifts re- 
ceived by the general during his tour around the world, and the 
medals presented to him, and then offered to present them to 
Mrs. Grant. At first she accepted the kind offer, but the general 
would not allow her to receive them; and as the only way to 
satisfy the old soldier's fine sense of honor, Mr. Vanderbilt was 
finally obliged to request the general to permit Mrs. Grant to 
remain in possession of them until her husband's death, and 
that then they were to be presented to the nation and preserved 
in the Smithsonian Institute at Washington. 

For several years past every recurring session of congress has 
been marked by the introduction of a bill to retire General Grant 
with the rank "and pay of general for life. This simple act of 
justice toward a man who has so amply deserved this recogni- 
tion of his eminent services has heretofore always failed of be 
coming a law on account of mean-spirited political divisions in 
the national legislature. It needed the sight of the heroic old 
man stretched on the bed of sickness and pain to awaken con- 
gress to a tardy sense of its duty, and only recently the bill was 
passed on the very last day of the session. It was at once pre- 
sented to President Arthur for signature, and he immediately 
signed it, remarking that never since he had become president 
had it given him greater pleasure to affix his sign-manual to any 
act than to this bill. With the passage of the pension-bill our 



8G 



GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT, 



record of the chief incidents of General Grant's life comes to an 
end. 

We could draw a lesson from the incidents here narrated, 
but that is not our province; that we leave each reader to do 
for himself. We feel assured that no one can read this brief 
record without feeling a love akin to reverence for the great 
and good man who forms its subject. 

[the end.] 



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MUNRO'S POCKET MAGAZINE. 

CONTENTS-No. 9: 

MATT. A Gomplete Novd, By Robert Buchanan. 

SLUMBER SONG. A Poem. By George Weatherly. 

A FAMILY AFFAIR. Continuation. By Author of "Called Back." 

HOW SHE SAVED HIM. By W. J. L. 

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THE TWO CARNEGIES. 

FOREVER AND AYE. A Poem. 

LITTLE JOE GANDER. By S. Baring-Gould. 

"HER FRANCIS." By Mary Mudie. 

THE FABRIC OF A VISION. By Fabian Bland. 

MY PICTURE GALLERY. A Poem. By J. I. L. 

CARAMEL COTTAGE. By Johnny Ludlow. 

OUTWITTED. A Tale of the Abruzzi. 

READY MONEY. By H. R, Hawbis, 

BEFORE THE MIRROR. A Poem. By Fanny Forrester. 

THE TWO STRANGERS. A Story of Marseilles. 

TOM SLUG. 

THE CHINA HOUSE BURGLARY. By a Detective. 

A MEMORY. A Poem. By M. E. W. 

NED KELLY, THE BUSHRANGER. By the Rev. J. B. Gribble. 

A SEA STORY. A Poem. By Emily H. Hickey. 

FRANK DE VAUD. By Gordon Stables. 

THE CASE OF MR. VAN KLUCEN. 

MAJOR CORNELIUS. 

A FEMALE NIHILIST. By Stepniak. 

BEYOND THE HAZE. A Poem. 

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MY WEDDING JOURNEY. By Catharine Childar. 



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Munros I_ii"fc>i"etx*y 

MH\ ALEX MCVEIGH MILLERS WORKS. 

No. 1. A Dreadful Temptation 20 Cents. 

" 2. The Bride of the Tomb 20 " / 

" 3. An Old Man's Darling 20 " I 

" 4. Queenie's Terrible Secret 20 " 

" 5. Jaquelina 20 " 

" 6. Little Golden's Daughter 20 " 

" 7. The Rose and the Lily 20 

" 8. Countess Vera 20 " 

" 9. Bonnie Dora 20 M 

" 10. Guy Kenmore's Wife 20 fc 

GEORGE E» MM * WORKS. 

" 11. Janet's Repentance , 10 * 

" 12. Silas Marner *' ' :..*. 10 M 

" J3. FeUx Holt, the Radical.. ..... 20 ■ 

u ,4. The Mill on the Floss 20 " 

14 15. Brother Jacob ,...; 10 " 

" 16. AdamBede "... \ 20 

" 17. Romola . 20 " 

" 18. Sad Fortunes of Rev. Amos Barton, ...;...-. 10 " 

" 19. Daniel Deronda 20 " 

" 20. Middlemarch .'. . '...- 20 " 

" 21. Mr. GilfiTs Love Story 10 " 

" 22. The Spanish Gypsy ':'. .'. 20 " 

M 23. Impressions of Theophrastus Such 10 " 

MISCEIi' 1NEOLS WORK"*. 

" 24. The Two Orphans. By D'Ennery 10 " 

" 25. Yolande. By William Black 20 " 

"26. Lady Audlev's Secret. By Miss Braddon 20 " 

" 27. When the Ship Comes Home. By Besant & Rice. 10 " 

*' 28. John Halifax, Gentleman. By Miss Mulock 20 " 

" 29. In Peril of his Life By Gaboriau 20 " 

" 30. The Romantic Adventures of a Milkmaid 10 " 

" 31. Mollv Bawn. By the Duchess . 20 " 

" 32. Portia. By the Duchess 20 " 

" 33. Kit: a Memory. By James Pavne 20 

" 34. East Lynne. By Mrs. Henry Wood 20 " 

" 35. Her Mother's Sin. By Bertha M. Clay 10 

" 36. A Princess of Thule. By William Black 20 " 

" 37. Phyllis. Bv the Duchess 20 " 

" 38. David Copperfield. By Charles Dickens 20 

" 39. Very Hard Cash. By Charles Reade 20 

" 40. Ivanhoe. By Sir Walter Scott 20 " 

" 41. Shirley. By Miss Bronte 20 

" 42. The Last Days of Pompeii. By Bulwer Ly tton 20 

" 43. Charlotte Temple. Bv Miss Rowson 10 

" 44. DoraThorne. Bv Bertha M. Clay 20 

" 45. Old Curiositv Shop. By Charles Dickens 20 

•* 46. Camille. By Alex. Dumas. Jr 10 

" 47. The Three Guardsmen. Bv Alex. Dumas 20 

" 48. Jane Evre Bv Charlotte Bronte 20 

" 49. Romance of a Poor Young Man. By Feuillet 10 

" 50. Back to the Old Home. By Mary Cecil Hay 10 " 

" 51. Maggie: or. the Loom Girl of Lowell. By William Mason Turner, M. D.20 

" 52. Two Wedding Rings. By Margaret Blount 20 

" 53. Led Astray. By Helen M. Lewis 20 

" 54. A Woman's Atonement. By Adah M. Howard -20 

" 55. False. Bv Geraldine Fleming 20 

" 56. Tht. Curse of Daugerfield. Bv Elsie Snow 20 

" 57. Ten Years of His Life. By Eva Evergreen 20 

" 58. A Woman's Fault. Bv Evelvn Gray 20 

" 59. Twenty Years After. Bv Alex. Dumas 20 

" 60. A Queen Amongst Women and Between Two Sins. By Bertha M. Clay.20 

; « 61. Madolin'^over. By Bertha to. Clay 20 

" 62. Thaddeus of Warsaw. Bv Jane Porter 20 

" 63. Lucile. By Owen Meredith 20 

" 64. Charles Auchester. Bv E. Berger 20 

" 65. A Stranere Story. Bv Bulwer 20 

" 66. Aurora Flovd. By Miss Braddon 20 

" 67. Barbara's Historv. Bv Amelia B. Edwards 20 

" 68. Called to Account. By Annie Thomas 20 

" 69. Old Mvddleton's Money. Bv Mary Cecil Hay 20 

" 70. Thorns and Orange Blossoms. By Bertha M. Clay. Complete 10 " 

Remember that we do not charge extra for postage. Munro's Library will be 

sent to any part of the world, single numbers for 10 cents, double numbers for 

20 cents. 

NORMAN L. M T ™RO, PUBLISHER, 
' 24 & 26 VandewaTER St., N. Y. 



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